Mobile news and the future of journalism

Question 1 . Explain the influences of the emergence of mobile news on the future of journalism. How substantial do you consider these influences to be? Mobile News and The future of Journalism Digital, mobile and visual technologies have provided us with new ways for society to find and share news and information, making them a key part of economic, social and cultural life. Today, People all over the world are increasingly shifting their consumption of news from newspapers and other traditional forms, to mobile news and Internet services and this is due to these advances in technology.As we are now living in a digital age, we are seeing big changes in the Journalism industry and new practices of Journalism are happening including the emergence of mobile news (the delivery and creation of news using mobile devices). Journalism is traditionally practiced through news organizations such as newspapers, broadcasting stations or news websites, but in a society where the Internet and mobi le is becoming first for news, Journalism has had to advance in order to keep up to date with these new platforms. But will the emergence of mobile news affect the future of journalism and if so, how?A conference was held in 2008 by the BBC College of Journalism discussing the future of Journalism in relation to advances in technology. ‘Today, as technology changes the lives of both Journalists and their customers, assumptions about what Journalism is and how it is practiced are being re-examined. ‘ (The future of Journalism, papers from conference, online). Peter Horrocks, director of BBC world services and one of the speakers at the conference, has seen how technology is changing Journalism and says that there is an end to what he calls ‘Fortress Journalism' and a new ‘NetworkedJournalism'. Horrocks explains that Fortress Journalism refers to Journalism that thinks of itself as a closed system, Journalists are the experts of news and we listen to them. Wher eas the new form of Journalism is ‘Networked Journalism' and this takes into account the collaborative nature of Journalism; it's about tearing down the fortresses and making it open to public allowing Journalist to communicate with the public. This idea of ‘Networked Journalism', means the barriers for entering the news circuit are not as big as before.Anyone with basic computer skills can set up a blog or a twitter account and can easily discuss news with the world, and it is the process of remediation that has influenced these changes in Journalism. Bolter and Grusin define ‘remediation' as a process whereby each new medium promises to reform its predecessors by offering a more immediate, authentic experience, for example the medium ot mobile news is said to be a better taster and more connected then the medium of television news. experience These new online methods of distributing news, does not necessary eradicate old raditional ways, i. . newspapers, televisi on and radio. ‘Technologies don't eliminate one another; they enhance or subtly change one another taking their place side-by- side in the new media ecology. ‘ ((Bolter & Grusin, 2000). Journalism lecture: Remediation) We are now carrying around the technology that allows us to have access to the Internet and news on-the-go thanks to gadgets like smartphones and tablets. These rapid advances in technology have changed the way in which we can get our news offering us this new medium of mobile news.The power of martphones and their ability to be more then Just a phone has been a big influence on the rising popularity of mobile news. With Millions of people owning these gadgets, the Journalism industry needed to re-think how to respond to this new form of technology where information and news is available immediately and free. News corporations have noticed that a growing number of people are using the Internet for news and so have tried to meet the demand for mobile news b y developing mobile web versions of the websites for easier access and applications for direct access to ll the news anytime.For example BBC news, Sky news, The Guardian, Mailonline are just a few of the many available news applications on smartphones. This emergence of mobile news isn't stopping newspaper Journalism, but it is affecting it, causing a declining in the consumption of newspapers by society. ‘The proportion of people reading a national daily newspaper has been declining over the past three decades. In 1978, †¦ 72 per cent of people aged 15 and over in Great Britain had read a national daily newspaper, †¦ 2 per cent in 1991 and 53 per cent in 2001. In 2009, †¦ 2 per cent had reported reading a national daily newspaper. ‘(Office for national statistics) It is probable that the main reason for the decline is this increased use of the Internet and mobile news. People are starting to use and rely on mobile news services instead of purchasing newsp apers or watching the news on television, and Journalist are in fact actively using these social medias themselves to communication and interact with the public.The State of the News Media (2012): An Annual Report on American Journalism, found that Mobile news is important because people feel they can, ave an impact on their communities, and feel more plugged into the media environment than they did a few years ago. ‘ ‘Citizens can not only read news from their local community, with tablets and smart phones, they can also share and post links to stories, comment, or contribute themselves. ‘ (State of the Media: Annual Report) Now, Journalism has an interactive dialogue between organisation, communities, and individuals.World events like the Egyptian 25th January revolution, was fully covered, not Just by professional Journalists, but also by the people of Egypt ia mobile phones and Internet. This communication and interaction with society is an advantage to Journal ism as it allows for better coverage of the news. This rise of new media has increased the communications between people all over the world and has allowed people to express themselves through blogs, websites, pictures, and other user-generated media.It is also making Journalists Jobs easier as they can use this user-generated information for their own work. This means that New-media technology is impacting established Journalism but also transforming the Internet into a more open, trustworthy and useful place for information and debate about news. ‘The development of the internet means that the process (news) is far quicker, more international in scope, and that the audience gets more of a look-in. Oournalism, principles and practice pp174) So what does the future hold for Journalism now that mobile news is becoming a popular platform? People are enjoying being connected to the world, knowing what is going and being able to be part of it, and this has allowed the business of mobile news to thrive. The mergence of new media is affecting Journalism for the better. Journalism is becoming more important then ever before as news is being distributed to a wider audience and having more of an affecting, as more people want to stay connected to the world by news.In order for Journalism to remain something that society needs, it must advance with the technology like everything else in society, so we are now seeing more online Journalism then ever before; the reporting of facts produced and distributed via the Internet. As technology becomes cheaper to manufacture, more eople will have access the Internet and mobile news will gain an even wider audience globally. The emergence of mobile news has meant that news has become more user-generated, meaning the consumers participate in the making of the news by adding content themselves.This may give the idea that the work of Journalist is not safe in the future as the audiences are also the contributor and creators of news, but Journalist have the skills to use this information, give it context and then report it, So Journalists will remain important. We have also seen Journalism change hroughout the centuries, from the '19th century printing press culture, to the 20th century television and radio culture, to now, the 21st century digital and online culture'. Oournalism lecture, Remediation).All this change brought about better- advanced ways of getting news and people want and need it in their life. Whilst some may opt for the free, but sometimes not factual option of news, others are still willing to pay for real, accurate and trustworthy news. Now with the many options available and the strong rise of mobile news, how it's delivered will be down to the news orporations and Journalists, but if newspapers are to survive the impact of the internet and news media in the future, then stricter controls on news online should be made to encourage society to use the traditional forms.https://idp.uwe.ac .uk/CookieAuth.dll?GetLogon?curl=Z2FadfsZ2FlsZ2FauthZ2FintegratedZ2FZ3FwaZ3Dwsignin1.0Z26wtrealmZ3DhttpsZ3AZ2FZ2Fauth-cas.uwe.ac.ukZ2FcasZ2Flogin&reason=0&formdir=7http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-bbb9e158-4a1b-43c7-8b3b-9651938d4d6ahttp://www.stateofthemedia.org/2012/overview-4/major-trends/http://www.webcitation.org/

Meursault in “The Stranger” by Albert Camus Essay

Life is wonderful, but also hard. We struggle to find the meaning in our lives, but we can not accomplish it. There are many kinds of thoughts or philosophies of life; some think that life is already determined by God or destiny when they were born, while others think that they decide what they do by themselves. In â€Å"the stranger†, Albert Camus creates Meursault as a protagonist, who does not think about anything deeply. Because of that, he can not really enjoy his life. However, finally, he thinks about his life when he faces death; he truly realized how to face to the absurd world, and thus becomes Camus’ perfect existential hero. Meursault is indifferent, and he thinks he perfectly enjoys each moment; however, the reality is he just wastes time and does not even know that. Meursault thinks that emotion is ridiculous because people are controlled by it, and regret or feeling sorry is a waste of time. Thus, even when he faces his mother’s death, he does not feel anything. He does not have interest in his mother’s death, so he does not even know when his mother died. â€Å"Maman died today. Or yesterday maybe, I don’t know†(3). Usually, one’s mother’s death significant and people think about their lives through her death. Even though it is not his, and he knows that he can not find it, he should think about what his life means from the relationship between death and life. However, it is possible that he does not care about it too much because he can not do anything in her death, but he does not care about his marriage, too. He has a girlfriend, named Marie, and when she asked him to get married with her, he was still indifferent, â€Å"Then she pointed out that marriage was a serious thing. I said ‘No'†(42). He dos not know what is important in life. It is not because he has different sense of values but because he does not care about anything seriously. He has not had a big problem in his way, but his way to live is now problem. When he takes Arab’s life away, he does not really realize what he did. Even when he was in the police station, he does not understand what he did, thus, † c I was even going to shake his hand, but I remembered that I had killed a man†(64). He treats everything as a fact, so he does not really have an  emotion. He thinks it is the way to enjoy his life, but it makes his life more meaningless. He does not think deeply. Also, he thinks death is death, so there is no future after death. Then, he shot the Arab four times more, but he does not know what it means, â€Å"Then I fired four more times at the motionless body where the bullets lodged without leaving a trace. And it was like knocking four quick times on the door of unhappiness†(59). He does not feel good about shooting four more times, but it is not worth death at all. Taking human life is same as knocking the door of unhappiness for him; his way to live, which is without emotion makes his life horrible later, but at this time, he does not understand anything. Life without emotion is easy because an emotion does not make sense, so he can make sense with everything in his life. However, it also makes his life colorless. Because he is different from others, the society beats him; the world does not help him, so he now has to create meaning in his life by himself. When he is on trial, he testifies honestly because he always follows his heart and does what he wants; however, it does not fit the society, then people judge him from their subjective justice. @ @When he honestly testifies about why he killed Arab, people did not listen seriously, † cI blurted out that it was because of the sun. People laughed†(103). People do not understand him, and then they do not treat him as usual. They beat the stranger; there is nobody to help him. Moreover, they think they are right, so people rid from the society and make him look worse. The prosecutor does not want Meursault to live in the society, which the prosecutor lives and to have the same human heart. â€Å"He stated that I had no place in a society whose most fundamental rules I ignored and that I could not appeal to the same human heart whose elementary response I knew nothing of†(102). He denies Meursault’s human right. He should be in trouble, but in the trial, there are only people who think they are normal and right, so they are the same as him. Thus, they do not notice that the prosecutor is wrong. Their personality is horrible because there is no exception. Meursault thinks about this judgment and the â€Å"machinery of justice†(108). It is exactly correct. They follow their own common sense, and treat him as a stranger. The consequence is a death penalty. However, ironically, this situation, which makes him face death and being aware that nobody helps him, makes him  think about his life and notice that he has to find it by himself. Right before his death, he realized the meaning in life. People do not know why they are living, but they laugh at him because they think he is stupid and better than him; however, ironically, he understands his life. When he accepts the absurd world, he can create meaning of his life; there is no future, so he has to think about every single moment carefully and enjoy it. Ironically, he does not have time any more. However, he thinks, â€Å"I had been happy and that I was happy again†(123). Actually, he enjoys his life because he did not know that he has lived indifferently. His life is hard for ordinary people to understand, but for him, it totally makes sense. Moreover, he understands everything now, so he feels happiness again. Also, he feels a sense of superiority because he knows that people who look down on him do not know. There are many thought about world, and he wants to see the absurd world, and show them his way to live, â€Å"I had only to wish that there be a large crowd of spectators the day of my execution and that they greet me with cries of hate†(123). He notices that nobody seriously cares about him, but still they come to his execution. Playing the game is ridiculous for him, but people can not live without it. Nobody really has a grudge against him, but they follow the others. Being apart from society is scary and alone, so usually people can not do that. He also feels that, so he wanted to die in the crowd. Also, he is proud of his life, so he wanted to show how he lived. Now, he really enjoys his life. The life is meaningless; he realizes it when he faces death. If people know that, they give up everything; however, for Meursault, everything makes sense. There is no clue in the world, so what he can do is creating the meaning by himself. Life is hard because nobody helps him, but he decides everything and what he does has meaning. He can enjoy his life fully, so his life is wonderful. He has to enjoy his life while he is living because there is nothing after death. There is no meaning in the world, so he creates it. Everything is to be happy.

Animal Rights: Pros and Cons of Animal Experiments

Animal rightsPros and cons of animal experiments Personaly I don't think that there are many pros about this subject, but I've written down a few. Pros: There are vaccines for most of the diseases. Like the ones you'll recive when you're an infant, wich are very important. If you have a deadly disease, like cancer for example, you can prolong your life for years, if you discover it early enough. Thanks to the science and research with animals. In some cases you can also help sick animals by doing tests on them.In my opinion there are more cons. To some lenght I do agree with animalactivists when they say that †we† kill the animals for no reason what so ever, but at the same time I don't think they realize that it's thanks to this that many of them are alive today. This is what I think. Cons: They do many unneccessary tests over and over even though it already exists workable vaccines. Then they simply make the animals suffer. Why do certain when they know that animals rea ct diffrently from humans?Some doctors only does the tests to rise in their position, to get better paid. They would go so far as giving the monkeys a cigarette, to get cancer, just so they can do tests on it! Some of the medicins isn't even legas or at least not recognized by WHO. So they have done som painful and cruel tests on the animals for their own gain. Cosmetics that are tested on animals doesn't have to be done. They're not the ones who will use it in the end anyway, test it on us humans instead! Or is the makeup ingredients so dangerous that you get permenantly damaged?

Critical and Creative Thinking Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Critical and Creative Thinking Questions - Essay Example As I cam to an understanding that not all people are taught in the same way that I was taught, I began to wonder how God could allow so many people to get it so wrong. Somewhere, though, I had an epiphany. Maybe it wasn’t that they were all wrong, but that they just had a difference in the way that they believed. I began to come to a place where I had to believe, because I believed in a just and fair God, that the approach made toward God wasn’t nearly as important as just the belief. If this was not true, then there would only have ever been two choices in believing in God - a single approach toward God, and a single approach away from God. In understanding that variety was not a threat to the way in which I believe, it was possible to have an understanding that the way that others believed was based solely on their traditions, just in the way that I believe based on the traditions of my family and spiritual community, I was able to accept the validity of the beliefs of others and create a more harmonious way in which to live a spiritual life. I do not believe that anyone is free of prejudice. Simply making the choice of how people are judged, provides for prejudice. Even deciding not to associate with a serial killer would be a prejudice (although this would be a prudent prejudice). However, legitimately foul prejudice based on any form of looks or any form of belief is very difficult to completely shed from one’s mind. Walking through an airport, for instance, many people get a tiny twinge when someone from Middle Eastern descent is noticed, even though much has been written and reported on how very small the radical element of the Muslim faith is in percentage to the number who are not of radical and fanatical beliefs. This leads to the most important element of prejudice that must be addressed before prejudice can be eliminated. Fear is the most destructive force in the cause against prejudice. It seems to be a natural

Human cloning Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human cloning - Research Paper Example According to the beliefs of Human Cloning Foundation (HCF), cloning technology is to find out a solution to enormous diseases and to prolong the survival rate. The technology could be utilized for blood cell cloning, organ cloning, treating cancer and to cure infertility. It could be exploited for cosmetic and plastic surgery and to prolong the aging. The technology could be used to overturn heart attacks. The technique utilizes embryonic stem cells for mending and reinstate damaged tissues. It could be used to replace skin tissues for burn victims, to replace damaged brain tissues, spinal cord cells or for regenerating tissues of various malfunctioning or non-functioning organs. Research is also underway to procure the cure for Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, diabetes, Arthritis, plastic surgery or cosmetic surgery, limb amputation, breast implants, replacement of faulty genes, chromosomal anomalies, liver and kidney transplantation (Smith). As every technology comes with enormous pros and cons so do cloning. The moral predicament of human cloning lies on the argument to promote or to impede cloning. Cloning is a kind of asexual reproduction, it therefore reduces the sense of distinctiveness of a character and there lacking uniqueness and freedom.

Individual report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Individual report - Essay Example The British in particular were more interested in seeing only scenic landscapes through their estates especially in the middle of eighteenth century. More such actions caused serious imbalance in the society. The effects of the British’s landscapes were realized late and the damage was already done with people fleeing to different places in search of food and shelter. The businesses of the people were affected by the Government’s actions. In order to take remedial actions for the imbalance created in the society, the Government of British and many other nations which followed suit in developing such landscapes soon plunged into regeneration activities. The process of regeneration links needs and opportunities, economic growth, social cohesion and cultural development, health, social care and environmental sustainability and this has helped the Governments to correct to some extent of their lost social balance. While many regeneration projects have happened in the history, only some made significant impact. The projects in the United Kingdom are some of these because it was here that most of the social inequalities happened at the start of twentieth century. The Cleator Moor Business Centre is a good example of many of the regeneration projects taken up by the Government in UK. It is situated in a small town called Cleator Moor in the English county of Cumbria. The towns skyline is dominated by Dent Fell and the town is located on the 190 mile Coast to Coast Walk that spans the North of England. On the outskirts of the town of Cleator Moor lies the village of Cleator with which the town is closely associated. The town of Cleator Moor at the start of the year 2001, some one hundred and fifty years since it was built, has seen many changes both in living conditions, social and recreational pleasures, the coming and going of different industries to the town as well as a drop in entertainment facilities, Public Houses,

The Harlem Renaissance and the Harmon Foundation Essay

The Harlem Renaissance and the Harmon Foundation - Essay Example This extended the requisite space and opportunity to the black creativity to flourish. It was the Caucasian real estate developer, William E Harmon, who evinced an immense interest in the African American creativity, and founded the Harmon foundation in 1922. The objective of Harmon foundation was to recognize and support African American achievements in the field of fine arts, literature, education, business, music, religious service, science, farming and race relations. Harmon foundation played an important role in promoting racial tolerance and in bringing to limelight the contributions made by the African Americans to the national culture. Hale Woodruff, Langston Hughes, Palmer Hayden, Countee Cullen and Archibald Motley were some of the noteworthy artists that were extended recognition and support by the Harmon foundation (Aberjhani & West 147). Many artists and scholars accused Harmon foundation of being paternalistic and segregated in its approach as it celebrated the works of only African American artists (Aberjhani & West 147). Harmon Foundation was also blamed for being condescending towards black artists (Aberjhani & West

International Law in Justifying a Special Classification of Researcher Research Paper

International Law in Justifying a Special Classification of Researchers or Journalists as a Group Deserving Additional Protections in Conflict Zones - Research Paper Example This is because these journalists and researchers reveal some of the key information of the terrorists and the other types of criminals of the world. the area outside the conflict zone creates immense risk for the researchers along with journalist in their future actions2. 2.3 The journalists and the researchers need to have a strong obligation of protection of their lives from the hands of the terrorist groups and others. There is a need to have an additional security to those researchers and journalists who are engaged in the conflict zones. Moreover, it is advisable to the researchers and the journalists to avoid the most vulnerable conflict zones in the absence of the security forces. This would lead to the safety of the researchers and the journalists of the world3. There have been some of the evidential facts about the journalists who have been killed in some of the dangerous locations of the world. It is to be noted that around 70 journalists were killed in the year 2013. Since 1992 there are more than a thousand journalists killed throughout the world due to the lack of protection and law. Moreover, the number is increasing at a higher accelerated rate through the passage of time. The number of people killed in some of the dangerous places is more horrible. One of such dangerous place is considered to be the Middle East Countries. In this region, Syria has been the most dangerous location for the civilians. A report reveals that over 72 people had been killed in Syria in the year 1992. Most significantly, the number of people killed in 2012 was 31 and 29 for the following year 2013. In 2014, till September, the number of journalists killed in Syria was 10. Other than Syria, Turkey is also considered to be one of the riskier regions for the jo urnalists. The lack of protection from the International law was evident from the fact that over 20 journalists and researchers were killed since 1992.  Ã‚  

Second Reconstruction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Second Reconstruction - Essay Example It was in the American South, where majority of the African American population were concentrated, where racial discrimination was widespread and deliberate in terms of education, economic opportunities, and political and legal rights such as voting. One of these actions was the â€Å"Freedom Ride†. Freedom Rides were journeys by Civil Rights activists on interstate Greyhound buses into the segregated Deep South. It was to test a United States Supreme Court decision that ended segregation for passengers engaged in interstate travel. The riders risked their lives to firebombing, attacks by the Ku Klux Klan, beatings, mobbings, and arrest. Those arrested end up in jails, where they were maltreated and subjected to inhumane conditions while in detention. These rides not only managed to gain public sympathy and support but led to the Kennedy administration issuing a new desegregation order. Taking effect on November 1, passengers were permitted to sit anywhere on the bus; segregat ion signs came down in bus terminals; consolidation of drinking fountains, toilets, and waiting rooms; and lunch counters began serving people regardless of skin color. Before the Civil Rights Act, African Americans were treated as property, and an inferior race, throughout the United States. President Kennedy proposed the civil rights legislation which gained support from northern states Congressmen but blocked by Senators of the South. President Johnson signed the Act into law which banned discrimination based on one’s color, sex, religion, race, or national origin in terms employment practices and public accommodations, and abolished state and local laws which required such discrimination. The movement had a permanent impact to society and the country as a whole. Southern whites had different reactions to the movement, retaliation, acceptance, unsure of their feelings and doubting, and confusion. There were even cases when others were forced to fight against the movement o ut of community pressure. In the end, many of them changed their minds. Albeit the different reactions to the movement by the white Southerners, the local community, the local government, in the church, and even in universities, as Jason Sokol stated in his book â€Å"A Documented Account of How White Students Reacted to the Racial Integration of the University of Georgia†: In the 1960s universities across America pulsed with the spirit of protest. While students at Berkeley and Columbia captured headlines in the middle and late 1960s, they were not the first to revolt. Earlier in the decade, whites on southern campuses rebelled against the orders of distant courts as well as against the black students they found suddenly in their midst. Though white Southerners, as described by Sokol, have â€Å"racial attitudes and behavior frequently revealed a confused and conflicted people, at times divided within and against themselves† (Sokol 2006), the movement changed Southern er’s minds from oppressing and degrading African-Americans, and thus, forever changed their lives. The movement has transformed the South and the nation. Although politicians and community leaders tried with all their might to retain status quo and power in the state’s changing political landscapes, increased social and legal acceptance shifted the balance of political power. African-Americans were given more opportunities in politics which led to the election of a black

Conflict in a case study about conflict intervention in somalia Essay

Conflict in a case study about conflict intervention in somalia from1992 to 2010 - Essay Example Addressing these issues would also mean the promotion of broad objectives like the U.S. foreign policy to ensure regional stability in the whole of Africa in terms of trade and investments, supporting human rights and democracy and removing situation and circumstances which provides protected havens for the international terrorists and drug traffickers. The anarchy that followed the collapse of Somalia as a nation state in 1991 fathered large-scale migration of populations; the nation was facing economic chaos and the incidences of mass violence. The persistence of these problems triggered political dangers as groups emerged whose main aim was to initiate war and empower leaders. (Ohaegbulam, 2004, p. 65) Root cause of the conflict During the late 1980s the coalition of the three clans- the Marreexaan, Ogaadeen and the Dhulbahante – popularly known as the â€Å"MOD† under the leadership of President Maxamad Siyaad Barre was a declaration of war against the Isxaaqs of th e previous British colony in the Northwest which was organized into the Somali National Movement- the SNM. He also organized the Majeerteens in the northeast as the Somali Salvation Democratic front, the SSDF and the Hawiyas to Mogadishu’s direct west and south, which was organized as the United Somali Congress, known as the USC. ... The SNM were angry about the fact that their army could not make it to Mogadishu- the major land holdings of the Isxaaqs before the armies of the USC. The SNM were reluctant of returning home in the north but they had to, so while returning they created a rump state. In the meantime the USC’s military leader Maxamad Faarax Aideed from the Habar Gidir subclan challenged Mahdi’s right to the presidency. Hence these all resulted in the inter-clan war in 1991 to gain a control over Somalia. Beside this an inter clan war also took place to have a control over Mogadishu. The absence of the central government placed the country at a disadvantage, as there was nobody to negotiate on the behalf of the state and both the Somali population and the international relief workers were vulnerable to attack. (Lahneman, 2004, p. 31; Webersik, 2004, p. 518; Somalia Civil War, n.d; The civil war in Somalia, n. d) The Social Economic and Political crisis After the collapse of the Somali sta te in January 1991 the country faced disorganization in their education and learning system, which was an impact of the division of the clan in the country. In the process of the social breakdown the schools, technical education centers and the university faced the worst consequences. The infrastructures of the institutes were destroyed. The major victims of the civil war were the children, as nearly 3000 of them were dying every day in the early days of 1992. (Abdi, 1998, pp. 327-328) The situation at that time had worsened in the South especially in Mogadishu where the instances of well armed youths along with their armed Land Rovers roamed around the city and the roadways plundering and looting masses, extorting

Responsibilities of sports engineers Essay Example for Free

Responsibilities of sports engineers Essay Sports is something that attracts every person in this world towards itself. Sports has become a very common field that everybody has interested in. People are gaining more and more interest in different sports from all over the world. And that is why sports engineering is gaining significance and recognition. It is a special field of engineering, which involves everything from the development to the testing of the different sports equipment. The discipline includes numerous activities and everything related to sports and sports equipment. The sports engineers have several responsibilities that are discussed here at length. The very first responsibility of a sports engineer is the designing of the sports equipment. With the development of different sports and an increase in their popularity, people are eager to make use of the best of the sports equipment. And this is where the sports engineers can contribute by developing new equipment that would help the athletes perform better. Sports engineers are also responsible for carrying out a complete lab and experimental testing of the sports equipment, athletes and the interaction between them. This is one of the most important parts of the job of a sports engineer because it is not possible to make use of anything without testing the equipment and the nature of interactions the users would have with the equipment. The sports engineers not only carry out laboratory testing but are also required to test the performance of the athletes and different devices in the field, i. e. the environment of the sports. Field testing needs to be completely accurate so that there is no scope of mistakes and the athletes are prepared to use their equipment in the real conditions and situations. Computational modeling has been used only for scientific purposes till now. Computational modeling approach is usually employed in physics and other scientific applications, whether it is fluid dynamics or any other experiment. Sports engineers are also making use of this technique and approach for determining the forces acting upon the working of the equipment and for stimulating its working before actually developing them. Sports engineers also need to continuously work with the different government bodies and the authorities for making sure that the rules are adhered to and everything is carried out within the pre-defined guidelines. Sports engineers also have to work with the athletes to regularly keep a track and improve the performance of the different athletes in different fields. They need to find out new ways and measures for enhancing the performance of the sportsmen. Thus, we see that sports engineers are extremely important people and they need to carry out all of their responsibilities sincerely for the development of different sports and for the betterment of the athletes. Reference link: http://classof1. com/homework-help/engineering-homework-help.

Discuss the ways in which atmosphere Essay Example for Free

Discuss the ways in which atmosphere Essay Atwood describes a number of things she could do in the fourth paragraph of the extract. This creates a what will happen? , and therefore suspense, as Atwood reels off a list of possibilities, without actually carrying out any of them Each one of them (the possibilities) seems the same size as all the others. Not one seems preferable. Offred seems resigned to her fate, especially when she says I consider these things idly and (I feel) pervaded with indifference. In fact, this last sentence destroys some of the suspense and atmosphere of the passage by depicting Offred as prepared to tolerate her death or imprisonment, she is placid, apathetic, and simply waiting for it, whatever it may be, to happen. This is similar to the eponymous character in Hamlet, who mentions all the possibilities, knows of their existence and the pros and cons of each, but chooses not to act upon them. The majority of sentences in the extract are either split into small sections by commas or very short in their entirety, showing the reader the narrator (Offreds) confused state of mind. Her thoughts quickly flit from one train to another, demonstrating her anxious mind which she is unable to focus properly. This is further proved by the choice of paragraph structure and paragraph length, both of which are disjointed and uneven. The text features many gaps and silences which show the passing of time, the flits from one train of thought to another and the uncertainties that the author is experiencing. The language is straightforward, uncomplicated, simple but not simplified, as is typical of the novel. The historical notes inform the reader that the novel is a transcript of a tape-recorded account, and it is easy to imagine listening to the narrator recounting the story verbally. This use of language makes it easy to imagine the narrator as a normal every day person who was catapulted into Gilead, rather than a journalistic view. Atwood successfully avoids the danger of sounding too descriptive and authoritative, not just during this passage but in the entire novel, giving the narrative a more realistic undertone and setting the book apart from most science fiction. This choice of language adds to the suspense of the passage because the feelings described are genuine, we know they are not just there for effect or drama. This effortless clear-cut and realistic dialogue runs throughout the entire novel, accentuating and validating the feelings and events described. The extract clearly has depressing and desolate undertones, with Offreds despair at its most prevailing at any point within the novel, as she is hopelessly resigned to her fate. The passage, however, avoids the trap of being dull and despondent, as would be easy to fall into at such a pessimistic point in the novel. Atwoods imagery, sentence structure and language, bring the passage to life and prevent it from being gloomy and grey, instead creating an atmosphere of suspense. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Margaret Atwood section.

The prevalence of Tetanus in Canada and India

The prevalence of Tetanus in Canada and India A critical comparison of the vaccination and hygienic influences on the prevalence of Tetanus in Canada and India. Tetanus is caused by a toxin, tetanaspasmin, produced by the bacterium Clostridium tetani (Guifoile 2008, p. 10). This toxin affects the inhibiting motor neurons within the body, causing muscle contractions to become erratic and violent. These contractions are extremely painful for the individual suffering them, the contractions being violent enough to cause the strongest of bones in the body to fracture. In the last century, around 1940, the likelihood of death if you contracted tetanus was approximately 90% (Guifoile 2008, p. 10). Over time, however, vaccines and effective treatment options were developed, decreasing the mortality rate of tetanus. The vaccination programs of two countries, Canada and India, are both considerably thorough for the protection against tetanus. Furthermore, Canada has a high standard of hygiene and sanitation, further lowering the risk of tetanus in the country. India, however, does not have as high sanitation or hygiene standards, which may have an eff ect on the protection of tetanus. Both India and Canada follow vaccination procedures in order to prevent tetanus infection. Because of this, tetanus in Canada is quite rare; the PHAC (2014) states that through the years of 1990 and 2010 there were approximately 4 cases per year of tetanus in Canada. In India, though the prevalence of tetanus has declined, it is still a major health problem [] with significant morbidity and mortality due to [] incomplete vaccination (Kole et al. 2013). Skowronksi et al. (2004) reports that in New Delhi, India, 53% of adults were reported to have no protection against tetanus. This is comparable to Canada, in which a study reported that roughly 55% of adults do not have protection against tetanus. Whilst less have gotten vaccinated in Canada compared to the number of adults vaccinated in India, Tetanus is still a threatening disease in India. Considering this, both Indian and Canadian infants are given the tDap/DTap vaccinations. In Canada, routine vaccinations for newborns are given at 2 months of age, then again at 4, 6, 8, and 12-23 months. The Canadian vaccination schedule suggests that children under the age of 6 should be vaccinated more than 20 times (Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) 2014). Furthermore, Skowkronski et al. (2004) states that Canadian immunization programs are publicly-funded in all provinces. This is similar to in India, as the National Immunization Schedule ensures all children in the country under the Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) are immunized free of charge. Moreover, the newborn vaccinations are not done as frequently in India. Newborn children are not vaccinated until 8 weeks of age, then they are again vaccinated at 16 weeks. Another vaccination is given at 15-18 months (Viswanathan 2005). Whilst both Canada and India provide vaccinations against tetanus to newborn children and infants, this may not have any relation to the prevalence of tetanus in India, however, due to the tetanus bacterium being spread only by wound s or fecal-oral transmission (Ji, cited by Mercola 2012). The majority of fields and roads are contaminated with animal feces in India. Because of this, Kole et al. (2013) suggests that the farming population in India should be targeted for complete tetanus immunization as they may be exposed more often to animal feces and contaminated soil. Contrastingly in Canada, there is a largely higher level of hygiene and sanitation; unlike India, human or animal fecal matter does not sit in the streets. As such, the risk of the soil or environment having been contaminated by the tetanus bacteria is low. This may link back to Canadas low prevalence of tetanus despite the lack of vaccinated individuals. As tetanus spreads through fecal matter and the bacterium can reside in the soil, Ji (cited by Mercola 2012) suggests that hygiene, sanitation and proper nutrition should be focused on in order to prevent the transmission of tetanus and other fecal-oral route viruses. This may also reduce the morbidity of tetanus if a person is infected. Ji states: You simply cant vaccinate people out of [unhealthy] conditions, and as Indias new epidemic of vaccine-induced polio cases clearly demonstrates, the cure may be far worse than the disease itself (cited by Mercola 2012). Whilst Ji is discussing the affects of the 2011 polio epidemic in India caused by vaccinations, this statement can still be applied to tetanus as the process of infection is the same: fecal-oral route. However, tetanus can also be transmitted through punctures or wounds (Guilfoile 2008) which strengthens the link between Indias poor sanitation and hygiene and the prevalence of tetanus: many Indian people walk with bare feet, increasing the likelihood of stepping on a stick/nail/other such thing that is contaminated with the tetanus bacterium. Furthermore, according to Guilfoile (2008), has been found [] in the fecal matter of humans and other animals thus leading to the tetanus bacterium being common in the soil in rural areas in the country. Both India and Canada both provide free and routine vaccinations again tetanus (TDap/dTap vaccine), and both countries ensure newborns are vaccinated and are given booster shots. It has been established that both countries have fairly thorough vaccination schedules, though Canadas schedule includes more frequent vaccinations for infants. However, it can be thought that the number of immunizations against tetanus do little to protect against the bacterium that cause tetanus, as these bacteria are transferred via the mouth through fecal matter (Ji, cited by Mercola 2012). It can be concluded that India, due to fecal matter amongst the streets and the generally low standard of hygiene within the country, is an area of which tetanus infection is much more likely, with or without vaccination. Due to Canadas higher sanitation and hygiene levels, despite the lower vaccination rate, tetanus is much less prevalent there and has a lower mortality rate. Word count 968 References Mercola, J 2012, Confirmed: India’s Polio Eradication Campaign in 2011 Caused 47,500 Cases of Vaccine-Induced Polio Paralysis, Mercola, viewed 12 April 2015, http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2012/08/28/polio-eradication-campaign.aspx> Kole, A, Roy, R Kole, D 2013, Tetanus: still a public health problem in India — observations in an infectious diseases hospital in Kolkata, South-East Asia Journal of Public Health, pp. 184-186 Public Health Agency of Canada 2014, Canadian Immunization Guide, Public Health Agency of Canada, viewed 9 April 2015, http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/cig-gci/p04-tet-eng.php> Vijayalakshmi, M 2014, Resources, All For Kids India, viewed 9 April 2015, http://www.allforkidsindia.com/Resources/VaccineOptions.aspx> Vashishtha, V 2011, FAQs on Vaccines and Immunization Practices, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, New Delhi, India, p. 37. Viswanathan, R 2005, Get Your Tetanus Shot Today!, Rediff, viewed 9 April 2015, http://www.rediff.com/getahead/2005/jun/13tetanus.htm> Skowronski, D, Pielak, K, Remple, V, Halperin, B, Patrick, D, Naus, M McIntyre, C 2004, Adult tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis immunization: knowledge, beliefs, behaviour and anticipated uptake, Vaccine, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 353-361. Guifoile, P 2008, Deadly Diseases and Epidemics: Tetanus, Infobase Publishing, New York, New York, pp. 10-16. This form meets the 2006 requirements of UniSA’s Code of Good Practice: Student Assessment 1

American Values :: essays research papers

Values Of US Culture   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Both articles, â€Å"America 2000: Fast and Furious Fun† by Jerry Adler and â€Å"Shopping† by Don DeLillo, examine various things that Americans value as a society. It may seem at first that articles are quite different, given the content variations, however, there is a similarity in purpose that authors are trying to achieve and the audience that they target. Clearly, both authors take a look at what is available to people in the US in terms of fun and entertainment, trying to address a younger portion of middle class Americans. In their own ways, Addler and DeLillo show various aspects of American live in all its richness, wealth and excessiveness. However, there is a hidden message between the lines that is common to both articles and it emphasizes a troubling trend within the society. In my opinion, authors attempt to show that US as a culture has become highly commercialized and at the rate thing are going US will soon be viewed by the world as unintelligent, exuberant, and irresponsible nation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The current entertainment and consumer retail industries in the US are the biggest insult to basic human intelligence. Twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week average American is being target by unavoidable and annoying commercials from TV, radio, Internet, highway billboards, etc. Brought by large corporations, they are intended to brainwash the individual and turn him/her into a loyal brainless consumer of the product that is offered. Fake promotions, grand openings and other tricks are designed specifically for these who refuse to become believers right away. For example, how many times one can hear a promotion slogans like â€Å"Free set of floor mats with every new car purchase!† or â€Å"Free mouse pad with every new computer purchase!†, etc. In my opinion, this is a clear indication of companies seeing nothing but a crowd of morons in their consumers. Jack, the main character of â€Å"Shopping†, finds himself in a store and interpret s the echoing din as â€Å"of the extinction of a species of beast.† In other words, the shopping environment is like a variety of traps set by some beast ready to hunt you down. While shopping, Jack thinks of an event as an endless well being that makes him and his family glory. Reflecting mirrors, smells of chocolates and salamis defeat Jack’s sense of reality. Deep inside he may feel that he is being fooled but in spite of that he chooses to quietly participate because â€Å"the beast traps† are too flashy to pass on.

To what extent did Solidarity contribute to undermining Communism in Poland? :: European Europe History

To what extent did Solidarity contribute to undermining Communism in Poland? Communism in Poland was self-consciously the workers-state, largely responsible for creating the modern Polish working class through industrialization and raising expectations of equality and of higher living standards. It is widely believed that Solidarity undermined Communism in Poland, partly by disrupting the Communist program of production through strikes, but more by transferring the trust and loyalty of the Polish people from Communism to itself. The supposed "adversaries" of Polish workers - the church, the officer class, the national leadership - were in fact combined by Solidarity as allies of the workers to "break the resistance" of Communism to reform. What the state never appreciated in Poland was that it was seen as Russian, oppressive, and corrupt, having created the working class they then, in line with Marx's prediction, demonstrated their control of the means of production (strikes) and undermined Communism in Poland. However, one cannot ignore the pull of the capit alist west in displacing communism in the eyes of the people. In this essay I plan to show the extent to which Solidarity was responsible for undermining communism and also to question how far other factors, such as the Poles hatred of Russians, their strong allegiance to the Catholic church, and the raging Cold War, displaced communism in the eyes, and from the hearts of the people. Solidarity weakened Polish Communism providing a vehicle of transmission for years of grievances against a government out of touch with the ideals of the Polish people. This is shown below in the picture taken from: "http://encarta.msn.com/find/MediaMax.asp." Solidarity took workers grievances, and grafted onto them more general national grievances (Russian dictatorship, suppression of the church etc.). Photographs of Solidarity led demonstrations show how they united people to challenge what they believed to be wrong. The challenge to the government's principles undermined it as a unit, lost any credibility, and weakened it in the eyes and minds of the people. Solidarity not only weakened Communism by providing an organized channel for grievances, but also gave people new ideas, as seen in the "1980 Gdansk Agreement", article 4, issued by Solidarity: "To re-establish the rights...of all students who have been excluded from...higher education because of their opinions" This idea of free speech and thought was new as Communists devoted mass energies to suppressing this. The Church also received active support, where it had been oppressed by the government, turning the masses towards Solidarity, and against the present government, this possibly being Solidarity's trump card.

Cather in the Rye :: Catcher Rye Essays

  Catcher In The Rye This novel is a first person narrative novel. The main character Holden Caulfield tells the novel. The first few chapters are about how the private school he attended â€Å"Gave him the axe.† for not applying himself in his classes after several warnings. Holden was pretty upset about the whole deal because he knew that his parents would be disappointed with him for getting kicked out of another school. That same night Holden got onto a fight with his roommate, now very angry Holden leaves the school earlier than he is supposed to. He catches a train to the city around eleven at night though can’t go home yet because his parents don’t know that he got the axe yet and he doesn’t fell like telling them just yet so he decides to stay in a hotel until his parents expect him home for Christmas vacation. When he arrives in the city he hops on a cab to a cheesy hotel for the night and as he is alone in his room he feels lonely and sort of depressed so he goes to the bar in the hotel for a drink. All the people in the bar make him even more depressed so he decides to call it a night. On the way to his room, in the elevator the elevator attendant offers to send him up a hooker for the night. Being a virgin Holden decides to take him up on the hooker. Once the hooker makes it up to his room he gets cold feet and decides not to have sex with her and just talk. The hooker gets mad at Holden for wasting her time and leaves. Minutes later the hooker’s pimp comes looking for money and eventually ends up beating up Holden. The following day Holden calls up an old girlfriend Sally Hues for a date. On the date they get into a minor argument with each other and Holden actually tells her that she is a â€Å"pain in the ass.† That was the end of that date. That night Holden meets an old friend at the bar and gets very, very drunk and realizes that he has spent all his money and is very depressed. He has no place to go nobody to talk to and he feels really crumby he even mentioned dying. His only other choice was to sneak home and see his sister then leave in the morning.

Japanese Food †General Analysis and Comparison to American Food Essay

It is generally true that different countries have distinct cultures. The culture of a country is shaped by various factors unique to that country, directly affecting it during its historical development. An example of such factors is geography. The geographic nature and location of a country dictates what resources it may have; a country surrounded by water tends to depend on the aquatic life for food, while a country endowed with vast fields of fertile land tends to feed its citizens through harvested crops. As one can infer, the food source of a country is in a direct relationship with its culture. This concept in turn supports the development of unique variants of food, also defined as its local or traditional food. The United States of America and Japan, in this sense, are two vastly different cultures with diverse food variants. The American continent, although of course surrounded by bodies of water, has a vast land area which it is known for. This prompted the development of the country to be generally agricultural and crop-based. Hence, corn and potatoes are considered as its staple food. Japan, on the other hand, is considerably less in terms of total land area; therefore, the development of its agriculture is quite limited and crop variants held to a minimum. The whole population instead focused its attention on the sea as a limitless source of food. Such basic differences in food also result in additional variance to the details regarding it. Suggested food intake, nutritional claims, health claims are expected to be different to a certain extent between the two. Health issues are expected to vary as well. Hence, the American food culture and the Japanese food culture are expected to be distinctly different with consideration to these aforementioned points of comparison. Methodology In order to begin the analysis of the characteristics of the food from the unfamiliar Japanese culture, a direct sampling of Japanese food is required. Hence, the first major portion of the methodology requires that a restaurant serving authentic Japanese cuisine is to be located within the locality. After choosing one, also keeping in mind that the price range is well within the reach of the researcher’s budget, a sample Japanese dish is to be ordered or bought. If possible, the method as to how the dish is prepared should be properly observed and noted. The characteristics of the dish should also be considered and inspected. Specific details in terms of taste and appearance are to be listed down. If possible, the constituents of the dish or its basic ingredients are also to be identified. After assessing such details regarding a sample dish of Japanese cuisine, a more technical and research oriented approach towards analysis is to be started. The second main segment of the methodology pertains to the technical and research oriented part of the study. Specific details regarding the whole Japanese food culture are to be determined. Further research into the Japanese food culture and its historical development is to be accomplished. Further insights regarding the differences with the American food culture and standards will be provided by searching for the occurrence of a localized food pyramid as well as rules or guidelines for food labeling, health claims, and nutrient content claims. Also, health concerns regarding food in the Japanese culture will also be taken into account. The common health problems, its sources and effects, will be established. Resulting data from the two main sections of the research method gathered through such methods will be properly collated and completely analyzed afterwards. Results Upon locating a restaurant that offers authentic Japanese cuisine, a choice was made to order a highly popular and common Japanese specialty, the sushi. In this case, an unlimited amount of sushi was made available, each variant served in differently colored plates riding on top of a conveyor belt like mechanism. There were so many variants of sushi, making the process of identification more troublesome. Fortunately in this case, each plate was properly labeled. The first variant of sushi sampled is called the nigiri sushi. In physical form, the nigiri sushi mainly consists of hand-shaped rice with a single kind of topping per serving. This variant is however not simply a single kind as there were notable difference in toppings between servings. There were four main types of nigiri sushi served; one type had squid as topping, the second had shrimp, the third had raw fish, and the fourth was egg. Upon immediate sampling, the shrimp, and squid were notably very lightly cooked, if cooked at all. The thin slices of fish served as toppings were obviously uncooked. Also, no additional flavor was added to enhance the flavor of these two toppings. The egg however, was noticeably scrambled and sweetened. The rice below the topping, aside from being shaped, had no detectable additional flavoring. The second variant of sushi sampled was considerably more complex in both structure and appearance. Called as the maki sushi, this variant evidently had more ingredients. There were two main types of maki sushi sampled, futo maki and hoso maki. In both, a thin dried seaweed preparation, known in Japan as the nori, covers the outer area of the flat circular shaped sushi. Another common ingredient noticed for this variant is cucumber, sliced in small portions and apparently used fresh with no additional cooking procedures. Carrots were also noted to be present in both types, having been prepared in the same manner as the cucumbers. The last notable similarity between the two is the use of caviar. The nature and source of the caviar was not determined; the only detail noted regarding it was that it was commonly used as additional toppings or dispersed within the sushi. In terms of differences, the main distinguishing factor between the futo maki and the hoso maki is the inclusion of fish. Of the two, only hoso maki had slices of fresh raw fish, known to be commonly tuna, interspersed within the roll. As an additional note, the sushi variants were dipped in a mixture of Japanese soy sauce and a spicy paste known as wasabi, with the resulting ratio dependent on one’s preferences. After discussing the structure and constituent parts of the sampled dish in detail, findings regarding the taste are placed in focus. It is noticeable that the overall taste of the sushi alone is quite simple and plain, and at the same time pleasant and cool. It draws its appeal from the combined flavor of its parts. Such taste is expected since the parts used are neither seasoned nor flavored in any matter. However, upon the addition of the wasabi and soy sauce concoction, the sushi is given a stronger flavor, mainly a combination of salty and spicy taste. Upon completion of the sampling phase of the study, research was done to determine the historical context of Japanese food. Japan is one of the several island based countries throughout the world which is mainly surrounded by the sea, and along it also contains several bodies of water; hence, even from the early points of Japanese history, food is commonly gathered from aquatic sources (Minnesota State University [MSU], n. d. ). Since fish and other aquatic creatures such as shrimp, crabs, squid, octopus, and urchins, are commonly associated with the Japanese diet, people tend to think that the Japanese consume these exclusively. This however, is not the case in reality. The Japanese also consume various land grown products including well known ones like eggplants and carrots, along with rice which is considered as their staple food (MSU, n. d. ). Another subject of research conducted in the study is concerned with something more current: government issued guidelines and policies regarding the food industry as well as the presence of a food pyramid. Specific points analyzed include food labeling, health claims, nutrient content claims, and of course, the food pyramid. Details regarding food labeling, health claims, and nutrient content claims were not very much analyzed in this case, but rather, the focus was placed upon whether such policies exist. In terms of food labeling, it has been noted that a similar system exists in Japan in comparison to other countries such as America. In fact, there has been a movement by the Japanese government to further increase the scope of the law, making it considerably more stringent in comparison to those of other countries (Gale Group Incorporated [GGI], 2008). As for laws regarding health claims, Japan has a well-defined and extensive policy system, pointing out specific categories for health and nutrient claims and requirements for the application of companies for such claims to be approved for their product (National Centre of Excellence in Functional Foods [NCEFF], 2004). Japan currently has a well-adapted food pyramid. Commonly encountered food items in Japan are included as examples; some of these are rice, miso, honey, soy sauce, milk, soy milk, tofu, fish, clams, plums, and kelp (Southeastern Michigan Dietetic Association [SEMDA], 1998). The final aspect looked upon in the research was regarding the usual health problems accompanying the local cuisine. Given the fact that Japanese food preparations often utilize raw to lightly cooked seafood, parasitic organisms is a usual threat (Ransom, n. d. ). Examples of these parasitic organisms are worms which latch on to various areas of a person, usually the gastrointestinal tract, in order to provide themselves vital nutrients. Another problem arising from their preference towards seafood is the possible occurrence of heavy metals in the flesh of sea-based organisms due to global environmental problems (Ransom, n. d. ). Discussion The results point out evident differences and similarities between the American and the Japanese food cultures. First, regarding food preparation and taste, from what was observed with the sushi, Japanese food preparation is simpler in constituent and is also rather simpler in terms of preparation. The focus of the Japanese cooking is to maintain the natural form and flavor of the ingredients while blending well in combination. This is very much unlike the American way of cooking since the focus is usually to use a main ingredient and season or flavor it in a way that after being cooked for a certain amount of time, the food has acquired an enhanced taste. In relation to this, the Japanese cuisine has a preference towards the uncooked and seafood, while American cuisine focuses on cooking techniques and the use of beef, pork, and chicken. These differences mainly arise from the varied historical development of each country. In terms of the more technical side of food and its culture, specifically food labeling, health claims, and nutrient claims, due to the trend of globalization, it is quite understandable that in general, both Japan and America have law pertaining to food labeling, health claims, and nutrient claims. Differences on these are mainly observed when inspecting the specifics. Aside from this, both countries have food pyramids. The difference on this point pertains to the food examples written in the pyramid; the main structure and recommendations remain the same. Lastly, health issues and risks differ for both countries to a certain degree. The Japanese mainly worry about issues regarding contaminants and parasites due to seafood consumption, while the Americans worry about problems such as heart disease and obesity due to the way food is prepared. Conclusion The historical and geographic differences of America and Japan have led to a distinct difference in terms of their local cuisine. Japan focused on seafood as one of the main food sources unlike America. The staple food is also different for both countries, being rice for Japan which is rather uncommon in the United States. Hence, in relation to this, food-related heath concerns also differ for both countries. However, far from what is expected in terms of Japan and America being completely different, current trends in relation to globalization and exports have shown that in the subject of food in general, America and Japan have several points in common. These points mentioned laws and policies pertaining to food labeling as well as health and nutritional claims. Therefore, although different at various points, Japan and America evidently has certain points of close similarities in the general subject of food contrary to what is commonly thought of.

Change Management and Communication Plan Essay

Riordan Manufacturing has decided to make a change to company’s customer management system. The company does not currently have any formal system for managing their customer information and has traditionally left this up to individual employees. This new system will require all employees to use one customer management system. Your team is now working to help Riordan implement this planned change. Your team must do the following in your role as consultants: †¢ Review the intranet site for Riordan Manufacturing including Human Resources – Organizational Charts, Employee Files, etc., and Sales & Marketing – Marketing Information Systems. †¢ Create a change management plan and communication plan of 1,050- to 1,400-words. Your plan should include the details from section I and section II outlined below. Section I: Change Management Plan Identify the current formal and informal power structures in the organization. How might the power and political structure of the organization affect employee behavior? Identify the most appropriate and effective organizational structures for Riordan Manufacturing that will help them accomplish their planned changes. Section I: Change Management Plan Riordan Manufacturing formal leaders consist of the chief executive, presidents, vice-presidents, high-level managers, middle-level managers and low-level managers. Each person is responsible for implementing changes that will benefit the structural system for the company. According to the organizational charts, the organization is separated by various departments into functional areas. According to the organizational charts, the organization is separated by various departments into functional areas. For example, in the Human Resource they are responsible for benefits, policy and procedures, job classification, annual reviews and survey results just to name some of the functions within the Human Resource Department. Informal leaders have non-official positions like secretaries, maintenance people, auditors and others who are less important but carry out the vision and mission of the company. A gatekeeper does not hold a position of authority, but they usually work closely with the formal leaders of the company. The power and political structure of the organization may frustrate employees when decisions are made that are unclear or not communicatedand lack vision or reasoning behind the decisions. The system relies on clear and concise communication at all times. It is important that chief executive officer is given accurate information at all times. Riordan Manufacturing discovered some problems with their employees; such as an inability to motivate employees and how to reduce the high turnover rate within the company. This was discovered through the Riordan human resources department structure which does not allow employee empowerment and as a result is delaying potential growth due to the unbalanced profits, and reduction in sales. The human resources department needs to revisit some of their decisions to strength their portion of the structure and better the company for the future. The high turnover rate has caused lack of employee motivation, low morale and with pay levels below their competitors’standards; there is lack of structure in the performance review process within the entire company. These issues can be corrected by creating a coaching, feedback process, and planning career development programs by either creating or improving their current performance reward systems. Riordan Manufacturing has selected a structure that will require all employees to use one customer management system. In doing so, Riordan has adopted a structure that closely resembles a bureaucratic nature. Standardization is the key concept in manufacturing. The formal leaders within the Riordan Manufacturing are each responsible for implementing changes that will benefit the structural system for the company. Organizations structures can have significant effects on its members. Potential effects of a bureaucratic structure on employee behavior are attributed to its formalized, mechanistic model where fairness in policy and procedures is a large indicator of job satisfaction. The bureaucratic environment in which Riordan Manufacturing adopts high levels of work specialization contributes to higher levels of productivity, but may sacrifice in areas of lower job satisfaction. This could be connected to the high turnover rate at Riordan in addition to the low pay levels when compared to similar markets. Management needs to consider the organizational structure and its effects on employees on an individual basis. In a bureaucratic environment management may consider looking into characteristics of employees that help determine their potential in working in such a structure and train employees through coaching and training to help them adapt to the vision Riordan management would expect from its employees, employing those that that prefer routine and security of specialized jobs may perform better in a manufacturing organization like Riordan. Riordan Manufacturing culture can be described in a descriptive term. The current structure and management operations would like to reverse some of the current trends in the workplace that affect its organizational culture. Recent discoveries have uncovered problems influencing culture at Riordan such as levels of motiv ation and tenure at the company. It was discovered that Riordan human resources department structure does not allow employee empowerment and are delaying potential growth because of the unbalanced profits and reduction in sales. The new system aspires to create a new culture where management motivates its employees through a reward system and competitive pay, where workers find management approachable with ideas to improve work processes, while following the idea that helping to implement change will benefit the structural system of the company. Riordan human resources department reassessment of its structure can positively impact Riordan’s overall organizational culture by focusing on pay and its incentive packages. Management at Riordan can consider news ways in which to improve its culture. Ideally, upper management would encourage mid-level management to allow feedback from employees to improve work processes while still following the chain of command to create improvement. Though there are more stringent rules in a manufacturing plant, Riordan management wants to instill its trust in its workers, making them feel they are trusted and that their individual judgment is supported. The new operations at Riordan involve team work that encourages positive interaction, collaboration, goal setting, and a reward system that supports its desires for improved culture at Riordan Manufacturing. †¢ Recommend a strategy to implement the changes over the next 12 months. †¢ Describe how you will evaluate the success or failure of the planned change. Section II: Communication Plan Create a Communication Plan for the proposed change covered in the Change Management Plan. In the Communication Plan, complete the following: Select the most appropriate channels to communicate the change to the employees, and explain why you selected these channels. Identify the potential barriers to effective communication and strategies for overcoming the barriers. Develop a message for one of the selected communication channels. In the message, complete the following: †¢ Identify those areas affected by the change. †¢ Establish the need for the change. †¢ Create a sense of urgency around the change. †¢ Outline next steps in the change process.

Hrm in Garment Industry

Study on employee job satisfaction at liberty garments by Hemanth CRPatna on Nov 02, 2010 †¢ 3,109 views Study on employee job satisfaction at liberty garments More†¦ Study on employee job satisfaction at liberty garments Less Accessibility †¢ View text version Categories †¢ Fashion & Beauty †¢ Business & Mgmt Tags mba Upload Details Uploaded via SlideShare as Microsoft Word Usage Rights  © All Rights Reserved Flagged as inappropriate Flag as inappropriate Top of Form Flag as inappropriate Select your reason for flagging this presentation as inappropriate. If needed, use the feedback form to let us know more details. [pic][pic]Cancel Bottom of Form File a copyright complaint Embed Views |http://static. slidesharecdn. com |1 | Statistics Favorites 2 Downloads 0 Comments 0 Embed Views 1 Views on SlideShare 3,108 Total Views 3,109 †¢ [pic][pic]No comments yet †¢ Notes on Slide 1 Top of Form [pic] [pic]Subscribe to comments Post Comment Bottom of Form Top of Form Edit your comment [pic][pic]Cancel Bottom of Form †¢ †¢ 2 Favorites †¢ [pic]rajm2019 1 week ago †¢ [pic]Mohan Ranathunga , Partner at Msix Associate 3 months ago More†¦ Study on employee job satisfaction at liberty garments — Document Transcript †¢ 1. INDUSTRY PROFILE ABOUT GARMENT INDUSTRY: INTRODUCTION: As the business increases day by day to global standards, garment industry also takes its boom in the world trade. Though there are certain limitations and drawbacks in the business scenario, it is still trying to achieve a memorable growth in the world trade. From ancient days onwards, garments play an important role in each and every ones life. Now the fashion technology is growing not only in towns and cities, but also in small villages. People are now very much interested to wear new fashion garments. Media also playing an important role in evaluating the garment industry all over the world. ABOUT GARMENT INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION (GIDC): To protect the rights of manufacturers and to create a beneficial marketing facility for garments, ‘THE GARMENT INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION’ came in to force. The GIDC is a non-profit organization established in 1984 in the city of New York by the garments workers union and the new York skirt and sports wear association to strengthen the worlds garment industry. For the past twenty years, GIDC has evolved in to multi-tiered service organization providing marketing, buyer referrals, training and technical assistance to the manufacturers and workers. GIDC acts as a link between designers & labels and high quality producers and it has the following directors: BRUCE RAYNOR -CHAIRMAN STEVEN E-THOMAS-VICE CHAIRMAN EDGAR ROMNEY -SECRETARY TREASURER ETC 1 †¢ 2. USE OF COMPUTERS IN GARMENT INDUSTRY: CAD: Computer aided and designing (CAD) is industry specific design system using computer as a tool. CAD is used to design anything from an aircraft to knitwear. Originally CAD was used in designing high precision machinery. Slowly it is found its way in other industries also. In 1970’s, it made an entry in the garment industry. Most companies in India and abroad have now integrated some form of CAD in to their design and production process. In fact, according to national garment association of US, of 228 garment manufacturers: 65% use CAD to create color ways. 60% use CAD to create printed fabric design. 48% use CAD to create merchandising presentation. 1% use CAD to create knitwear design. KNITTED FABRICS: Some systems specialize in knitwear production and final knitted design can be viewed on screen with indication of all stitch formation. PRINTED FABRICS: The process involves use of computers in design, development and manipulation of motif. The motif can then be resized, recolored, rotated depending on the designers goal. SKETCH PAD SYSTEMS: These are graphic programmes that allow the designer to use pen or stylus on electronic pad or tablet to create free hand images, which are then stored in the computer. TEXTURE MAPPING (OR) 3D DRAPING SOFTWARE: This technology allows visualization of fabric on the body. Texture mapping is a process by which fabric can be draped over a form in a realistic way. 2 †¢ 3. EMBROIDERY SYSTEMS: The designs used for embroidery can be incorporated on the fabric for making garment. For this, special computerized embroidery machines are used. Designers can create their embroidery designs on the computer or can work with scanned images of existing designs. INTERNET AND INFORMATION EXPLOSION: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FASHION TECHNOLOGY (NIFT), Calcutta is linked to Internet with TCP/IP account and the students have continuous access to the sites of the top designers, trend forecasting agencies, fashion houses and fabric suppliers. This has helped both the institute and the students immensely keeping them updated with the latest trends. From the above information, it is clear that the computers play an important role in the development of garment industry. GARMENT INDUSTRY IN INDIA: The garment industry occupies a unique place in our country. It accounts for 14% of the total industrial production and contributes nearly 20% of the total exports and is the second largest employment generator after agriculture. Garment industry is providing one of the basic needs of people and maintained sustained growth for improving quality of life. Its vast potential for creation of employment opportunities on the agricultural, industrial organized and rural and urban areas, particularly for women. Although the development of garment sector was earlier taking place in terms of general policies. In recognition of its importance of this sector for the first time, a separate policy statement was made in 1985 in regard to development of garment sector. The textile policy of 2000 aims at achieving the target of garment and apparel exports of US $ 50 billion by 2010 of which the share of garment will be US $ 25 billion. The main market for Indian garments are USA, UAE, UK, GERMANY, FRANCE, ITALY, RUSSIA, CANADA, BANGLADESH AND JAPAN. 3 †¢ 4. The main objective of the textile policy 2000 is to provide cloth of acceptable quality at reasonable prices for the vast majority of population of the ountry and to compete with confidence for an increasing share of the global market. From the above it is clear that garment occupies a unique position in our economy contributing to nearly a one third of the country’s earnings. The industry includes manufacturers, suppliers, whole sellers and exporters of cotton textiles etc. Today handloom and cotton textile exports in India is co unted among the most important sector. The garment industry in India is widely named for its superb quality garments. Total textile exports during April-march 1998-99 were rs 52720. 8 crores. Readymade garment exports comprises nearly 40% of the total exports. CURRENT SCENERIO: Developing countries with both textile and clothing capacity may be able to prosper in the new competitive environment after the textile quota regime of quantitative import restrictions under the multi-fiber arrangement (MFA) came in to an end on 1 st January 2005 under the world trade organization (WTO) agreement on textiles and clothing. As a result, the garment industry in developed countries will face huge competition in both their exports and domestic markets. The elimination of quota restriction will open the way for the most competitive developing countries to develop stronger clusters of the garment industry which enable them to handle all stages of the production chain from growing natural fibers to producing finished clothing. The garment industry is undergoing a major reorientation towards non- clothing applications of textiles known as technical textiles which are growing roughly at twice rate textiles for clothing applications and now account for more than half of total textile production. The processes involved in producing technical textile require expensive equipments and skilled workers. 4 †¢ 5. As a result of various initiatives taken by the government, there has been new investment of rs 50000 crore in the garment industry in the last five years. Nine garment majors invested rs 2600 crores and plan to invest another rs 6400 crore. Further, India’s cotton production increased by 57% over the last five years and three million additional spindles. The industry expects investment of rs 1,40,000 crores in this sector in the post MFA phase. A vision 2010 for garments formulated by the government after interaction with the industry and exports promotion councils aims to increase India’s share in the worlds garment from the current 4% to 8% by 2010 vision and plan to increase Indian garment economy from the current US $ 37 billion to $ 85 billion by 2010 and creation of 12 million new jobs in the garment sector. There will be opportunities as well as challenges for the Indian garment industry in the post MFA era. But India has natural advantages, which can be capitalized on strong raw-material base cotton, man made fabrics, jute silk. Further, for the benefit of exporters, there should be a state owned cargo-shipping mechanism. Several initiatives have already been taken by the government to overcome some of these concerns including rationalization. Shri Kamal Nath, union minister of commerce and industry has said that India will take up the issue of non-tariff barriers (NTBs) in the world trade organization (WTO) Doha round of multi lateral trade negotiations, which are expected to gather steam from march 2005 onwards. On the eve of republic day, president DR. ABDUL KALAM said that, â€Å"India is presently exporting six billion US dollars worth of garments, where as with the WTO regime in place, we can increase the production and export of garments to 18 to 20 billion US dollars with in the next five years. This will enable generation of employment in general and in rural areas in particular with the help of export of garments. We can add more than 5 million direct jobs and 7 million indirect jobs in the garment sector. Primarily in the cultivation of cotton, efforts are needed in cotton research, technology, 5 †¢ 6. generation, transfer of technology, modernization and upgrading of ginning and pressing factories and growth in marketing strategy†. INDIAN GARMENT EXPORT INDUSTRY: India is a major exporter of garments, fabrics and accessories for the global fashion industry. Indian ethnic designs and materials are an important factor in the plans of fashion houses and garment manufacturers all over the world. Those buttons on the Levis you are wearing could well have been made in India. The welcome decision of phasing out Multi Fiber Agreement (MFA) will end the regime of quotas and other rules and regulations made by the Indian governments helps us to create a competitive export garment industry all over the world. For India, the clothing industry has performed quite well in exports. It has been facing most of the quotas every year. As compared to rs 12 crores in 1970-71, exports have reached rs 18000 crores by 1998. The major competitors in this segment of the market are developed countries, Asian tigers like Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore. Developing countries like Bangladesh and Mayan mar of china, of course. In order to ensure quality of garment exports, the SSI restriction of the garment exports, the SSI restriction of the garment industry should be removed. Present equity participation of 24% by the foreign partners need to be enhanced and joint ventures with majority shareholdings as well as technical collaborations should be allowed. Labor laws need to be reorganized and the export procedures should be liberalized. LATEST TRENDS (NEWS) IN GARMENT AND TEXTILE SECTOR: 1. India recorded exports of $ 461 million in March 2005, against $ 351 million in March 2004. The increase has continued from February, when textile exports stood at $ 410 million. India has shown a 28% growth for the period January to march 2005 as compared to the same period last year. While china remains the 6 †¢ 7. lead country in terms of textile imports to the US. Countries like Mexico and Canada continue to loose out to India and china. Imports were threatening thousands of US jobs. The us has the power to impose caps of 7. % growth in textile and clothing categories on china under an agreement that the way for Chinas membership in WTO in 2001. 2. Ministry of finance has added 165 new textile products under Duty Drawback Schedule. The new products included wool tops. Cotton yarn, acrylic yarn, various blended fabrics, fishing nets etc. further, the existing entries in the drawback schedule relating to garments have been expanded to create separate entries of garments made u p of (a) cotton 3. (b) Man made fiber blend (c) MMF 4. After the phasing out of quota regime under the Multi Fiber Act (MFA), India can 5. Increase its textile sector becoming $ 100 billion industry by 2010. This will include exports of $ 50 billion. The proposed target would be achieved provided reforms are initiated in textile sector and local manufacturers adopt measures to improve their competitiveness. A 5-pronged strategy aiming to attract foreign direct investment by making reforms in local market. Replacements of existing indirect taxes with a single nation wide VAT. Liberalization of contract norms for textile and garment units. Elimination of restrictions that cause poor operational and organizational performance of manufacturers was suggested. . The union minister shankar sinh vaghela said that the board for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction (BIFR) had approved rehabilitation schemes for sick NTC mills at the cost of rs. 3900 crores. Of the 66 mills, 65 mills have been closed after implementing voluntary retirement scheme (VRS) to all employees. The government has already constituted assets, sale commit tees comprising representatives of central and state governments, operative agency, BIFR, NTC and the concerned NTC subsidiary to effect sale of assets through open tender system. †¢ 8. 7. Proposals for modernization of NTC mills have been made to the consultative committee members including formation of a committee of experts to improve management of these mills. Even the present status of jute industry was under the scanner of the consultative committee. 8. The government had announced change from the value-based drawback rate followed to a weight-based structure for textile exports that will discourage raw material exports and also there is a scope for misusing the drawback claims by boosting invoice value of exports. . NCDEX launched its silk contract (raw silk and cotton) on Thursday, January 20, 2005. With this launch, the total number of products offered by NCDEX goes up to 27. The launch of silk contract will offer the entire suite of fibers to the entire value chain ra nging from farmers to textile mills. Government of India jointly with NCDEX has adopted a policy of encouraging future contracts of silk. The ministry of textiles and the central silk board (CSB) had decided to introduce Futures trading in mulberry cocoons and raw silk on NCDEX. Futures trading on the NCDEX will provide an alternative trading avenue for farmers, weavers and traders and help them to make a better price for their product and it will also helps them to reduce risks associated with natural calamities. From this, we can conclude that garment industry is still in developing stage in India. The government is taking a lot of efforts to upgrade the garment industry in India. Rules and regulations on small scale units should be liberalized and export procedures on exports of garments is to be simplified and some grants to be given to those farmers who are dependent on cotton and jute corps. †¢ 9. COMPANY PROFILE This firm was promoted by Late. Shri. Mohan das Kundanmal Mahataney, the founder /promoter of associated apparels Pvt. Ltd, who were the makers of â€Å"LIBERTY† shirts for the domestic market and also license makers of Maidem form, Jockey, Jantzen and Tootal. An illustrious son of an illustrious father, MR. Raju. M. Mahtaney is a commerce graduate from Mumbai University, started his business career way back in 1968 by joining his father’s business of ready-made garment exports. Later, he joined as a partner in K. MOHAN in 1973. He became the managing partner in 1991, and since then his contribution in terms of expertise has boosted the morale of the organization and thus gained to be recognized as a reputed manufacturer in exports of woven garments. In the present context of business scenario, he has been traveling extensively to western countries and further gained rich industrial experience especially in fabric and machine etc. he was a member of the executive committee and also chairman of EDP of apparel export promotion council. He also an active executive member in CIA & INDO_AMERICAN chamber of commerce. Ours is a garment manufacturing company fully equipped for exporting the finished products. K. MOHAN & CO is situated 10 kms from the center of the beautiful garden city of ban galore. We specialize in the manufacture of high quality of men’s and women’s wear in the woven fabrics category. We predominantly cater to the American market. K. Mohan among the oldest garment export houses in the country, established in the year 1973. K. Mohan & co is well equipped to meet any requirements of overseas clients. In other words, we are proud to maintain that we are compliant to all standards set by our clients. Our professional approach towards business makes us very easy to work with, and fosters our business tie-ups and relationships, a very pleasing association. It has locations at seven places in ban galore at Bannerghatta Road, Hulimavu, Begur, Bommanahalli, Hong Sandra, Sing Sandra and Veer Sandra. 9 †¢ 10. K. Mohan & co has an impressive product range in the woven garments sector. We are capable of manufacturing quality garments over a wide range of styles, size- ranges and fabrics. Though we have produced a wider range in the past, we are now focused on items such as men’s and women’s pants, shorts, shirts and blouses as well. We are proud to be associated with- The Gap Inc. , Banana Republic, Polo Ralph Lauren, Nike, The Boom Club, Lane Bryant, The Limited Group, Ralph Lauren, Polo Jeans, Kohl’s, Nill Blass, Vetir, Decathlon, Shopko, Jones Apparel group and the like. In every unit, we have a technical person viz. , production manager in charge of the unit associated by factory manager and production co-ordinators. The area group HRD managers also take care of all the issues relating to the workers, including HR activities, welfare, safety etc. here the number of employees exceed the limit prescribed under the factories act. We have a safety officer too. Also we have a lady medical officer visiting the units. We have our own two in-house laundry units at Hulimavu and Sing Sandra with modern machineries, which cater to all our wash requirements. To be candid, we have all facilities to meet the contingencies. We have obtained the necessary consent for both water and air in all our units. Running a bus iness with constraints in infrastructure facilities is a tough task, meeting simultaneously the requirements of the buyers. In the present power crisis, we are also running the generators in all our units, affecting the business profits to a large extent availability of water, yet another concern. With all these constraints around, our managing partner has been effectively managing the business. Labors, though available in the areas, are not skilled. Hence we trained them in our training school and absorb them with an amount of risk of their longevity. It is a family partnership firm registered under the Indian partnership act, 1932. Its corporate office is at begur road, bommanahalli hobli, Bangalore-560075. 0 †¢ 11. All raw materials is checked for quality and quantity and stored in a central warehouse. Inventory handling is fully computerized. The merchandising section and shipping department is well equipped with instant communication systems like EDI. We are working on implementing ERP. The CAD section is again fully equipped with the GGT ACCUMARK REALEASE 7. 62 PATTERN MAKING, GRADING AND MARKI NG SYSTEM. We have automatic plotters (AP- 100) and pattern-cutting (MUTOH-1650) machines. We have a fully integrated CAD/CAS/CAM section at one of our units. It is equipped with state of the art automatic spreading (SYNCHRON 175) and cutting (GT-7250) machinery from Gerber technology inc. , of USA. We possess a 20-head embroidery machine capable of 7-9 colors. Machine is of Baruden make and stitching capacity is 20,00 –25,00 stitches per hour. The production floor is equipped with the latest machinery. Trained and specialized personnel who have lot of experience in the garment production field man it. We have technical experts who help implement the quality standards in our merchandise (like AQL levels). We use accredited testing labs for fabric package testing and garment testing. Our employers are dedicated and work for the company untiringly, sinciourly honesty, diligently, maintaining all the more a high standard of discipline which also contribute as one of the reasons for the growth of the company to this stage. 11 †¢ 12. CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION: JOB SATISFACTION: Job satisfaction is one of the important factors which have drawn attention of managers in the organization as well as academicians. Various studies have been conducted to find out the factors which determine job satisfaction and the way it influences productivity in the organization. Though there is no conclusive evidence that job satisfaction affects productivity directly because productivity depends on so many variables, it is still a prime concern for managers. Job satisfaction is the mental feeling of favorableness which an individual has about his job. DuBrins has defined job satisfaction in terms of pleasure and contentment when he says that: â€Å"Job satisfaction is the amount of pleasure or contentment associated with a job. If you like your job intensely, you will experience high job satisfaction. If dislike your job intensely, you will experience job dissatisfaction. DETERMINANTS OF JOB SATISFACTION : While analyzing the various determinants of job satisfaction, we have to keep in mind that: all individuals do not derive the same degree of satisfaction though they perform the same job in the same job environment and at the same time. Therefore, it appears that besides the nature of job and job environment, there are individual variables which affect j ob satisfaction thus all those factors which provide a fit among individual variables, nature of job, and the situational variables determine the degree of job satisfaction. Let us see what these factors are. 12 †¢ 13. INDIVIDUAL FACTORS: Individuals have certain expectations from their jobs. If there expectations are met from the jobs, they feel satisfied. These expectations are based on an individual’s level of education, age, and other factors. 1. Level of Education: Level of education of an individual is a factor which determines the degree of job satisfaction. For example several studies have found negative correlation between the level of education, particularly higher level of education, and job satisfaction. The possible reason for this phenomenon may be that highly educated persons have very high expectations from their jobs which remain unsatisfied. In their case, Peter’s principle which suggests that every individual tries to reach his level of incompetence, applies more quickly. 2. Age: individuals experience different degree of job satisfaction at different stages of their life. Job satisfaction is high at the initial stage, gets gradually reduced, starts rising up to certain stage, and finally dips to a low degree. The possible reasons for this phenomenon are like this. When an individual joins an organization. He may have some unrealistic assumptions about what they are going to derive from their work. These assumptions make them more satisfied. However, when these assumptions fall short of reality, job satisfaction goes down. It starts rising again as the people start to asses the jobs in right perspective and correct their assumptions. At the last, particularly at the fag end of the career, job satisfaction goes down because of fear of retirement and future outcome. 3. Other Factors: besides the above two factors, there are other individual factors which affect job satisfaction. If an individual does not have favorable social and family life, he may not feel happy at the work place. Similarly other personal problems associated with him may affect his level of job satisfaction. 13 †¢ 14. NATURE OF JOB: Nature of job determines job satisfaction which is in the form of occupation level and job content. 1. Occupational level: Higher level jobs provide more satisfaction as compared to lower levels. This happens because high level jobs carry prestige and status in the society which itself becomes source of satisfaction for the job holders. For example, professionals derive more satisfaction as compared to salaried people; factory workers are least satisfied. 2. Job content: job content refers to the intrinsic value of the job which depends on the requirement of skills for performing it, and the degree of responsibility and growth it offers. A higher content of these factors provides higher satisfaction. For example, a routine and repetitive job provides lesser satisfaction ; the degree of satisfaction progressively increases in job rotation, job enlargement, and job enrichment. Situational variables: Situational variables related to a job satisfaction lie in organizational context- formal and informal. As we shall see in the next part of text, formal organization is created by the management and informal organization emerges out of the interaction of individuals in the organization. Some of the important factors which affect job satisfaction are given below. 1. Working conditions: working conditions, particularly physical work environment, like conditions of workplace and associated facilities for performing the job determine job satisfaction. These work in two ways. First, these provide means for job performance. Second, provision of these conditions affect the individuals perception about the organization. If these factors are favorable, individuals experience higher level of job satisfaction. 14 †¢ 15. 2. Supervision: The type of supervision affects job satisfaction as in each type of supervision; the degree of importance attached to individuals varies. In employee- oriented supervision, there is more concern for people which is perceived favorably by them and provides them more satisfaction. In job-oriented supervision, there is more emphasis on the performance of the job and people become secondary. This situation decreases job satisfaction. 3. Equitable Rewards: The type of linkage that is provided between job performance and rewards determines the degree of job satisfaction. If the reward is perceived to be based on the job performance and equitable, it offers higher satisfaction. If the reward is perceived to be based on considerations other than the job performance, it affects job satisfaction adversely. 4. Opportunity for Promotion: It is true that individuals seek satisfaction in their jobs in the context of job nature and work environment but they also attach importance to the opportunities for promotion that these jobs offer. If the present job offers opportunity of promotion in future, it provides more satisfaction. If the opportunity for such promotion is lacking, it reduces satisfaction. 5. Work Group: Individuals work in group either created formally or they develop on their own to seek emotional satisfaction at the workplace. To the extent, such groups are cohesive; the degree of satisfaction is high. If the group satisfaction out of their interpersonal interaction and workplace becomes satisfying leading to job satisfaction. Effect of Job Satisfaction: Job satisfaction has a variety of effects. These effects may be seen in the context of an individuals physical and mental health, productivity, absenteeism, and turnover. Physical and Mental Health: The degree of job satisfaction affects an individuals physical and mental health. Since job satisfaction is a type of mental feeling, its favorableness or unfavourableness 15 †¢ 16. affects the individual psychologically which ultimately affects his physical health. For example Lawler has pointed out that drug abuse, alcoholism, and mental and physical health result from psychologically harmful jobs. Further, since a job is and important part of life, job satisfaction influences general life satisfaction. The result is that there is spillover effect which occurs in both directions between job and life satisfaction. Productivity: There are two views about the relationship between job satisfaction and productivity: 1. A happy worker is a productive worker. 2. A happy worker is not necessarily a productive worker. The first view establishes a direct cause-effect relationship between job satisfaction and productivity; when job satisfaction increases, productivity increases; when job satisfaction decreases, productivity decreases. The basic logic behind this is that a happy worker will put more efforts for job performance. However, this may not be true in all cases. For example, a worker having low expectations from his job may feel satisfied but he may not put his efforts more vigorously because of his low expectations from the job. Therefore, this view does not explain fully the complex relationship between job satisfaction and productivity. The another view: that is a satisfied worker is not necessarily a productive worker explains the relationship between job satisfaction and productivity. Various research studies also support this view. This relationship may be explained in terms of the operation and organizational expectations from individuals for job performance. 1. Job performance leads to job satisfaction and not the other way round. The basic factor for this phenomenon is the rewards (a source of satisfaction) attached with performance. There are two types of rewards-intrinsic and extrinsic. The intrinsic reward stems from the job itself which may be in the form of growth potential, challenging job, etc. the satisfaction on such a type of reward may help to increase productivity. The extrinsic reward is subject to control by management such as salary, bonus, etc. any increase in these factors does not help to increase productivity though these factors increase job satisfaction. 16 †¢ 17. 2. A happy worker does not necessarily contribute to higher productivity because he has to operate under certain technological constraints and, therefore, he cannot go beyond certain output. Further, this constraint affects the managements expectations from the individual in the form of lower output. Thus, the work situation is pegged to minimally acceptable level of performance. However, it does not mean that the job satisfaction has no impact on productivity. A satisfied worker may not necessarily lead to increased productivity but a dissatisfied worker leads to lower productivity. Absenteeism: Absenteeism refers to the frequency of absence of a job holder from the workplace either unexcused absence due to some avoidable reasons or long absence due to some unavoidable reasons. It is the former type of absence which is a matter of concern. This absence is due to lack satisfaction from the job which produces a ‘lack of will to work’ and alienate a worker from work as far as possible. Thus, Job satisfaction is related to absenteeism. Employee Turnover: Turnover of employees is the rate at which employees leave the organization within a given period of time. As discussed earlier in this chapter under defense mechanism, when an individual feels dissatisfaction in the organization, he tries to overcome this through the various ways of defense mechanism. If he is not able to do so, he opts to leave the organization. Thus, in general case, employee turnover is related to job satisfaction. However, job satisfaction is not the only cause of employee turnover, the other cause being better opportunity elsewhere. For example, in the present context, the rate of turnover of computer software professionals is very high in India. However, these professionals leave their organizations not simply because they are not satisfied but because of the opportunities offered from other sources particularly from foreign companies located abroad. 17 †¢ 18. Improving Job Satisfaction: Job satisfaction plays significant role in the organization. Therefore, managers should take concrete steps to improve the level of job satisfaction. These steps may be in the form of job redesigning to make the job more interesting and challenging, improving quality of work life, linking rewards with performance, and improving overall organizational climate. As part of a larger project whose goal was to create an employee-driven, survey- improvement process six factors that influenced job satisfaction. When these six factors were high, job satisfaction was high. When the six factors were low, job satisfaction was low. These factors are similar to what we have found in other organizations. 18 †¢ 19. 19 †¢ 20. Opportunity: Employees are more satisfied when they have challenging opportunities at work. This includes chances to participate in interesting projects, jobs with a satisfying degree of challenge and opportunities for increased responsibility. Important: this is not simply â€Å"promotional opportunity. † As organizations have become flatter, Promotions can be rare. People have found challenge through projects; team Leadership, special assignments-as well as promotions. Actions: †¢ Promote from within when possible. †¢ Reward promising employees with roles on interesting projects. †¢ Divide jobs into levels of increasing leadership and responsibility. It may be possible to create job titles that demonstrate increasing levels of expertise, which are not limited by availability of positions. They simply demonstrate achievement Stress. When negative stress is continuously high, job satisfaction is low. Jobs are more stressful if they interfere with employees' personal lives or are a continuing source of worry or concern. Actions: †¢ Promote a balance of work and personal lives. Make sure that senior managers model this behavior. †¢ Distribute work evenly (fairly) within work teams. †¢ Review work procedures to remove unnecessary â€Å"red tape† or bureaucracy. †¢ Manage the number of interruptions employees have to endure while trying to do their jobs. †¢ Some organizations utilize exercise or â€Å"fun† breaks at work. 20 †¢ 21. Leadership. Employees are more satisfied when their managers are good leaders. This includes motivating employees to do a good job, striving for excellence or just taking action. Actions: †¢ Make sure your managers are well trained. Leadership combines attitudes and behavior. It can be learned. People respond to managers that they can trust and who inspire them to achieve meaningful goals. Work Standards. Employees are more satisfied when their entire workgroup takes pride in the quality of its work. Actions: †¢ Encourage communication between employees and customers. Quality gains i mportance when employees see its impact on customers. †¢ Develop meaningful measures of quality. Celebrate achievements in quality. Trap: be cautious of slick, â€Å"packaged† campaigns that are perceived as superficial and patronizing. Fair Rewards. Employees are more satisfied when they feel they are rewarded fairly for the work they do. Consider employee responsibilities, the effort they have put forth, the work they have done well and the demands of their jobs. 21 †¢ 22. Actions: †¢ Make sure rewards are for genuine contributions to the organization. †¢ Be consistent in your reward policies. †¢ If your wages are competitive, make sure employees know this. †¢ Rewards can include a variety of benefits and perks other than money. As an added benefit, employees who are rewarded fairly, experience less stress. Adequate Authority. Employees are more satisfied when they have adequate freedom and authority to do their jobs. Actions: When reasonable: †¢ Let employees make decisions. †¢ Allow employees to have input on decisions that will affect them. †¢ Establish work goals but let employees determine how they will achieve those goals. Later reviews may identify innovative â€Å"best practices. † †¢ Ask, â€Å"If there were just one or two decisions that you could make, which ones would make the biggest difference in your job? † Employees with higher job satisfaction: †¢ Believe that the organization will be satisfying in the long run †¢ Care about the quality of their work †¢ Are more committed to the organization †¢ Have higher retention rates, and †¢ Are more productive. 2 †¢ 23. Recognition. Individuals at all levels of the organization want to be recognized for their achievements on the job. Their successes don't have to be monumental before they deserve recognition, but your praise should be sincere. If you notice employees doing somet hing well, take the time to acknowledge their good work immediately. Publicly thank them for handling a situation particularly well. Write them a kind note of praise. Or give them a bonus, if appropriate. You may even want to establish a formal recognition program, such as â€Å"employee of the month. † Advancement. Reward loyalty and performance with advancement. If you do not have an open position to which to promote a valuable employee, consider giving him or her a new title that reflects the level of work, he or she has achieved. When feasible, support employees by allowing them to pursue further education, which will make them more valuable to your practice and more fulfilled professionally. †¢ Job satisfaction is good not only for employees but employers, too; it increases productivity and decreases staff turnover. †¢ An organization's policies, if unclear or unfair, can stand in the way of employee satisfaction. Employees need a reasonable amount of social interaction on the job. †¢ Employees also need some degree of personal space, which diffuses tension and improves working conditions. †¢ To begin motivating employees, help them believe that their work is meaningful. †¢ To help employees achieve on the job, provide them with ongoing feedback and adequate challen ge †¢ When your employees do good work, recognize them for it immediately. †¢ To increase an employee's sense of responsibility, do not simply give them more work; give them freedom and authority as well. You can help employees advance in their professional lives by promoting them, when appropriate, or encouraging continuing education. 23 †¢ 24. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM A STYDY ON EMPLOYEE JOB SATISFACTION: Employee satisfaction and retention have always been important issues for physicians. After all, high levels of absenteeism and staff turnover can affect your bottom line, as temps, recruitment and retraining take their toll. But few practices (in fact, few organizations) have made job satisfaction a top priority, perhaps because they have failed to understand the significant pportunity that lies in front of them. Satisfied employees tend to be more productive, creative and committed to their employers, and recent studies have shown a direct correlation between sta ff satisfaction and patient Satisfaction. 1 Family physicians who can create work environments that attract, motivate and retain hard-working individuals will be better positioned to succeed in a competitive health care environment that demands quality and cost-efficiency. What's more, physicians may even discover that by creating a positive workplace for their employees, They’ve increased their own job satisfaction as well. 4 †¢ 25. OBJECTIVES: 1. To know the satisfaction level towards the behaviors of peers and superiors. 2. To study the level of satisfaction towards his salary and also other benefits which are provided by the company? 3. To study the ESI facilities and safety measures which are provided by the company? 4. To suggest the company about the measures to be taken for more employee satisfaction. 25 †¢ 26. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY The research design used for the study is the descriptive research design. In this design structural information is u sed to gather information. METHODOLOGY: SAMPLING METHOD: The two major methods are probability and non-probability sampling technique. The study requires probability method since the sample was chosen or random. Hence the study was dealt with sample random tool, which is one of the most popular method sampling. SOURCES OF DATA: PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION: Primary data are those, which are collected afresh and for the first time and thus happen to be original in character, questions and interviews methods were accede to collect primary data by visiting the factory premises and various departments in it. It was collected from the employees working in the factory. By using both the questionnaire method and interview method. I would gather information from the employees who was not willing or who did not have time for or who was shy about it. SECONDARY DATA COLLECTION: It is collected from the internal records of the company such as library records, trade journals, various manuals of the company, various training programs previously conducted and it’s responds etc; It is also conducted from the officials of the pursued department in the factory. Secondary data provides a better view 26 †¢ 27. of the problem study many magazines, tools and other references were also mean important in this study. TOOLS FOR DATA COLLECTION: SURVEY METHOD: The most widely used technique of gathering primary data is the survey method. The sources interviewed personally at the place of work and also with questionnaires. It is a direct and more flexible form of investigation involving face- to- face communication and through recorded questionnaires filled in personally. The information is qualitative, quantitative and accurate. The rate of refusal is low; it offers a sense of participation to the respondents. It usually leads to broader range of data than observation on experimentation methods. The data collected is tabulated and interpreted to draw conclusion. FIELD WORK: It is an important method of data collection. The questionnaire is used for interviewing the respondents. Additional questions (Personal interviews) can be used to secure more information. The respondents are interviewed in the factory. SAMPLE DESIGN FOR THE STUDY: SAMPLING METHOD: Stratified sampling method. SAMPLE SIZE : 100(Consists of Production, Finance, Human Resource, Systems, Marketing, Quality) SAMPLE UNIT : Employees of K. MOHAN & CO (Exports) Pvt. Ltd 27 †¢ 28. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 1. TABLE SHOWING PERSONALITY OF THE RESPONDENTS TABLE: 1 S. NO. RESPONSE RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE 1 Male 56 47 2 Female 64 53 Total 120 100 INFERENCE: From the above table, the analysis shows that, 46. 7 % of the respondents are male and the remaining 53. 3 % are female. The total respondents are 120 members. 28 †¢ 29. GRAPH:1 From the above table the chart is as follows. RESPONDENT GENDER 54 53 52 PERCENTAGES 51 50 49 PERCENTAGE 48 47 46 45 44 Male Female GENDERS 29 †¢ 30. 2. EDUCATION OF THE EMPLOYEE TABLE: 2 S. NO. QUALIFICATION NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGES 1 Post graduate 12 10 2 Diploma/degree 26 22 3 SSLC/PUC/ITI 36 30 4 Less than SSLC 46 38 TOTAL 120 100 INFERENCE: The interpretation of the above table is,10% of the respondents are post graduates,21. 7 % are diploma/degree holders,30 % are belonged to SSLC/PUC/ITI,38. 3 % are having their qualification as less than SSLC. 30 †¢ 31. GRAPH:2 The graph showing the different percentages of education of the employees. EDUCATION OF THE EMPLOYEES 50 PERCENTAGE 40 30 Series1 20 10 0 ee e LC I /IT at gr SS du C de U ra an /P a/ tg LC m th s lo Po ss SS ip Le D QUALIFICATION 31 †¢ 32. 3. BELONGING CATEGORY TABLE: 3 S. NO. CATEGORY NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGES 1 Staff 28 23 2 Employee 92 77 TOTAL 120 100 INFERENCE: The data provided in the above table shows that the category of human resources i. e. staff and employees . This can be concluded as 23. 3 % recorded as staff members and remaining 76. 6 % are recorded as mployees in K MOHAN & CO (EXPORTS) GARMENTS. 32 †¢ 33. GRAPH:3 The graph showing the category of employees. EMPLOYEE CATEGORY 90 80 PERCENTAGES 70 60 50 PERCENTAGES 40 30 20 10 0 Staff Employee CATEGORY 33 †¢ 34. 4. BASIC SALARY OF THE EMPLOYEE TABLE: 4 S. NO. BASIC SALARY NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGES 1 Below 5,000 82 68 2 5,000 to 15,000 16 13 3 15,000 to 30,000 18 15 4 Above 30,000 4 4 TOTA L 120 100 INFERENCE: The data provided in the above table shows that the respondent’s basic salary. 63. 3 % respondents getting below 5,000 as their basic salary, 13. are falling in between 5,000 to 15,000, 15 % comes under 15,000 to 30,000 and the remaining 3. 4 are getting above 30,000 as their basic salaries. This can be concluded that most of the respondents are getting below 5,000 as basic salary. 34 †¢ 35. GRAPH:4 The graph showing the basic salaries of the employees. CHART SHOWING THEBASIC SALARYOF THE RESPONDENTS 80 70 60 PERCENTAGES 50 40 PERCENTAGES 30 20 10 0 Below 5,000 to 15,000 Above 5,000 15,000 to 30,000 30,000 BASIC SALARIES 35 †¢ 36. 5. WORK EXPERIENCE OF THE EMPLOYEE IN THE ORGANISATION TABLE: 5 S. NO. WORK EXPERIENCE NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGES 1 Below one year 24 20 2 More than one year 32 27 3 More than three years 48 40 4 More than five years 16 13 TOTAL 120 100 INFERENCE: The data provided in the above table shows that the work experience of the employees is recorded as 20 % belonging to below one year, 26. 7 % belonging to more than one year, only 13. 3 % belonging to more than 5 years and finally 40 % of employees belonging to more than three years. 36 †¢ 37. GRAPH: 5 The chart showing the work experience of the Employees in the organization. WORK EXPERIENCE IN THIS ORGANISATION More than five years EXPERIENCE More than three years PERCENTAGES More than one year Below one year 0 20 40 60 PERCENTAGES 37 †¢ 38. 6. SATISFACTION TOWARDS PICK AND DROP FACILITY TABLE: 6 S. NO. PICK & DROP NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE 1 Satisfied 52 43 2 Not satisfied 68 57 TOTAL 120 100 INFERENCE: The data provided in the above table shows that the opinion of Pick & Drop facility provided in K MOHAN & CO(EXPORTS) GARMENTS. This can be recorded as 43. 3% of employees are satisfied and remaining 56. 7% are not satisfied. 8 †¢ 39. GRAPH:6 The chart showing the satisfaction level on Pick and Drop facility. SATISFACTION TOWARDS PICK & DROP Satisfied Not 43% satisfied 57% 39 †¢ 40. 7. SATISFACTION LEVEL TOWARDS FREE CANTEEN TABLE: 7 S. NO. FREE CANTEEN NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGES 1 Satisfied 102 85 2 Not Satisfied 18 15 TOTAL 120 100 INFERENCE: The data provided in the above table shows that the opinion on Free Canteen facility pro vided in K MOHAN & CO(EXPORTS) GARMENTS. This can be recorded as 85% of employees are satisfied and remaining 15% are not satisfied. 40 †¢ 41. GRAPH:7 The chart showing the opinion on Free Canteen facility provided by the organization. SATISFACTION TOWARDS FREE CANTEEN Not Satisfied 15% Satisfied 85% 41 †¢ 42. 8. SATISFACTION WITH PEERS AND SUPERIORS BEHAVIOURS: TABLE: 8 S. NO. PEERS & SUPERIORS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGES BEHAVIOURS 1 Satisfied 96 80 2 Not Satisfied 24 20 TOTAL 120 100 INFERENCE: The data provided in the above table shows that the coordination between the Peers and Superiors in K MOHAN & CO(EXPORTS) GARMENTS. This can be recorded as 80% of employees are satisfied and remaining 20% are not satisfied. 42 †¢ 43. GRAPH:8 The Graph showing the satisfaction level on Peers and Superiors in the organization. TOWARDS PEERS AND SUPERIORS BEHAVIOURS 90 80 PERCENTAGES 70 60 50 Series1 40 30 20 10 0 Satisfied Not Satisfied SATISFACTION TOWARDS PEERS & SUPERIORS BEHAVIOURS 43 †¢ 44. 9. THE TABLE SHOWING THE BONUS ALLOWANCES FROM THE COMPANY TABLE: 9 S. NO. BONUS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGES 1 In six months 4 3 2 In a year 110 92 3 More than one year 2 2 4 No bonus 4 3 TOTAL 120 100 INFERENCE: The data provided in the above table shows that the procedure of issuing the bonus allowance in K MOHAN & CO(EXPORTS) GARMENTS. This can be recorded as 3. 3% of the employees getting their bonus once in six months, 91. 7% employees in a year, 1. 7% getting in more than one year and 3. 3% are not getting bonus over the study period. 44 †¢ 45. GRAPH:9 The graph showing the issuing procedure of bonus allowances. BONUS ALLOWANCES FROM THE COMPANY No bonus 3% More than In six one year months 2% 3% In a year 92% 45 †¢ 46. 10. THE TABLE SHOWING THE REASON FOR GETTING OF BONUS. TABLE: 10 S. NO. BONUS BEEN ANNOUNCED NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGES 1 On employee working 16 13 performance 2 On companies profitability 104 87 TOTAL 120 100 INFERENCE: The data provided in the above table shows that the reason for getting of bonus in K MOHAN & CO(EXPORTS) GARMENTS. This can be recorded as 13. 3% of employees are getting bonus because of working performance and remaining 86. 7% depends on companies profitability. 46 †¢ 47. GRAPH:10 The graph showing the reason for issuing of bonus in the company. ON BONUS SCHEMES PROVIDED BY THE COMPANY 90 80 70 60 PERCENTA 50 GES 40 30 20 Series1 10 0 On employee On orking companies performance profitability ON DIFFERENT VARIABLES 47 †¢ 48. 11. SATISFACTION TOWARD LOANS AND ADVANCES ISSUED BY THE COMPANY TABLE: 11 S. NO. LOANS & ADVANCES NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGES 1 Yes 48 40 2 No 35 29 3 Not know 37 31 TOTAL 120 100 INFERENCE: The data provided in the above table shows that the opinion on issuing of loans and advances in K MOHAN & CO(E XPORTS) GARMENTS. This can be recorded as 40% respondents were eligible for loans, 29. 2% were not eligible for loans and remaining 30. 8% respondents don’t know about, that they were eligible or not. 48 †¢ 49. GRAPH:11 The graph showing the eligibility for loans and advances. SATISFACTION TOWARDS LOANS AND ADVANCES Not know SATISFACTION OF LOANS AND ADVANCES No Series1 Yes 0 10 20 30 40 PERCENTAGES 49 †¢ 50. 12. RESPONSE TOWARDS INCREMENTATION OF EMPLOYEE’S SALARIES TABLE: 12 S. NO. SALARY IS NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGES 1 Incrementing 106 88 2 Not Incrementing 14 12 TOTAL 120 100 INFERENCE: The data provided in the above table shows that, there is any incrementing in their salaries or not in K MOHAN & CO(EXPORTS) GARMENTS. This can be recorded as 88. 3% of employees had incrementing in their salaries and remaining 11. % had no any incrementing in their salaries. 50 †¢ 51. GRAPH:12 The graph showing the respondents opinion on Incrementation of their salaries TOWARDS SALARY INCREMENTATION 100 PERCENTAGES 80 60 Series1 40 20 0 g g tin tin en en em em cr cr In In ot N RESPONSE 51 †¢ 52. 13. RESPONSE TOWARDS COMPANIES PROFITABILITY DURING LAST 5 YEARS TABLE: 13 S. NO. C OMPANIES PROFITS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGES 1 Incrementing 98 82 2 Decrementing 22 18 TOTAL 120 100 INFERENCE: The data provided in the above table shows that, 81. 7 % of the respondents said that companies profitability is increasing from the last five years, and the remaining 18. respondents says that it is decreasing.. 52 †¢ 53. GRAPH:13 The graph showing the respondents opinion on company’s profitability from the last 5 years. TOWARDS COMPANIES PROFITABILITY 90 80 70 PERCENTAGES 60 50 Series1 40 30 20 10 0 Incrementing Decrementing COMPANIES PROFITS FROM THE RESPONDENTS THOUGHTS 53 †¢ 54. 14. REGARDING THE FOOD PROVIDED BY THE CANTEEN TABLE: 14 S. NO. FOOD NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGES 1 Bad 15 13 2 Not Bad 45 37 3 Good 50 42 4 Very Good 10 8 TOTAL 120 100 INFERENCE: The data provided in the above table shows that, the food provided in the canteen . 12. 2 % respondents feel that the food is bad. 7. 5% said that the food is not bad,41. 7% response is that the food is good, and the remaining 8. 3 % says that the food is very good. 54 †¢ 55. GRAPH:14 The graph showing the opinion on the food provided by the canteen. REGARDING CANTEEN FOOD 45 40 PERCENTAGES 35 30 25 20 PERCENTAGES 15 10 5 0 Bad Not Good Very Bad Good FOOD TOWARDS RESPONDENT'S OPENION 55 †¢ 56. 15. A TABLE SHOWING SATISFACTION LEVEL OF HIS JOB TIMINGS TABLE: 15 S. NO. JOB TIMINGS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGES 1 Satisfied 92 77 2 Not Satisfied 28 23 TOTAL 120 100 INFERENCE: The data provided in the above table shows that, 76. % respondents feel their job timings are satisfied and 23. 3 % respondents are not satisfied with their job timings. 56 †¢ 57. GRAPH:15 The graph showing the satisfaction towards job timings. SATISFACTION TOWARDS JOB TIMINGS Not Satisfied 23% Satisfied 77% 57 †¢ 58. 16. REGARDING ESI FACILITIES WHICH ARE PROVIDED BY THE COMPANY TABLE: 16 S. NO. RESPONSE ON ESI NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGES 1 Yes 34 42 2 No 46 58 TOTAL 80 100 INFERENCE : The data provided in the above table shows that, the ESI facility provided by the company. 2% says that they are utilizing ESI facility and the remaining 58 % were not utilizing. 58 †¢ 59. GRAPH: 16 The graph showing the utilization of ESI facilities by the employees. REGARDING ESI FACILITIES Yes 42% No 58% 59 †¢ 60. 17. RESPONSE TOWARD SAFETY MEASURES, WHICH ARE PROVIDED BY THE COMPANY TABLE: 17 S. NO. SAFETY MEASURES NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGES 1 Yes 110 92 2 No 10 8 TOTAL 120 100 INFERENCE: The data provided in the above table shows that, 91. 7 % employees said that the company is provided safety measures, and the remaining 8. % said that there is no safety measures. 60 †¢ 61. GRAPH:17 The graph showing the respondents opinion on safety measures. RESPONSE TOWARDS SAFETY MEASURES 100 80 PERCENTAGES 60 PERCENTAGES 40 20 0 Yes No RESPONDENTS 61 †¢ 62. 18. RESPONSE OF EMPLOYEE TOWARDS HIS JOB APPROACH TABLE: 18 S. NO. GOT JOB NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGES 1 Re commendation 28 23 2 Skill 92 77 TOTAL 120 100 INFERENCE: The data provided in the above table shows that, 23. 3 % respondents are getting their jobs by recommendation, and the remaining 76. % depends on their skill. 62 †¢ 63. GRAPH:18 Response towards his job approach. TOWARDS HIS JOB APPROACH Recommendation Skill 63 †¢ 64. 19. RESPONDENTS SATISFACTION LEVEL OF COMPANIES INFRASTRUCTURE TABLE: 19 S. NO. COMPANIES INFRACTURE NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGES 1 Satisfied 68 57 2 Not Satisfied 52 43 TOTAL 120 100 INFERENCE: The data provided in the above table shows that, 56. 7% respondents were satisfied with the company’s infrastructure, and the remaining 43. 3 % respondents were not satisfied 64 †¢ 65. GRAPH: 19 The graph showing the satisfaction towards company’s infrastructure COMPANIES INFRASTRUCTURE 60 50 40 PERCENTA 30 GES 20 PERCENTAGES 10 0 Satisfied Not Satisfied RESPONDENTS VIEW 65 †¢ 66. 20. SATISFACTION OF EMPLOYEE TOWARDS HIS SALARY TABLE: 20 S. NO. SALARY NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGES 1 Satisfied 78 65 2 Not Satisfied 42 35 TOTAL 120 100 INFERENCE: The data provided in the above table shows that, 65 % respondents are satisfied with their salary and the remaining 35 % were not satisfied with their salaries. GRAPH:20 66 †¢ 67. The graph showing the satisfaction level of salaries RESPONDENTS SALARY SATISFACTION 70 60 50 PERCENTA 40 GES 30 20 PERCENTAGES 10 0 Satisfied Not Satisfied RESPONDENTS VIEW 67 †¢ 68. 21. TOWARDS JOB SATISFACTION TABLE: 21 S. NO JOB SATISFACTION NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGES 1 Up to 25 % 16 13 2 25%to50% 31 26 3 50%to75% 64 53 4 Up to 100% 9 8 TOTAL 120 100 INFERENCE: The analysis of the above table shows that, 13. 3 % respondents are having job satisfaction up to 25 %. , 25. 8 % respondents are being in between 25-50% job satisfaction. under 50-75% there is a 53. 4 % of respondents and finally 7. 5 percentage of respondents are having job satisfaction up to 100 %. 68 †¢ 69. GRAPH:21 The graph showing the satisfaction on their jobs in the organization. RESPONDENTS JOB SATISFACTION CHART 60 50 PERCENTAGES 40 NO OF 30 RESPONDENTS 20 10 0 0% % 0% 5% 25 10 5 7 to to to to % % p 25 50 p U U SATISFACTION 69 †¢ 70. FINDINGS 1. Majority of the respondents are having the experi ence in between 1-3 years and poor percentage of employees are having above 5 years experience in this organization. . In my study, poor percentage of employees are of PG holders and the remaining majority people are having less than SSLC as their educational qualifications. 3. Majority of the employees are female and most of the respondents belonging to employee category than staff. 4. Most of the employees are getting basic salaries below 5,000 and a minor part of the employees getting their basic as above 30,000. 5. Employee attitude is positive towards canteen facilities, large number of employees is agreed that it is good and a few numbers response is towards poor. . Employee response is negative towards pick & drop facility, which is provided by the company. Only one shift of employees are benefited with pick & drop and the remaining two shifts were not having bus facility. 7. 92% of the respondents are satisfied with the safety measures which are provided by the company and t he remaining 8 % said that they were not satisfied. 8. More than 58% of the workers are not aware of ESI benefits and minor part of the workers felt that ESI benefits are good. 9. Most of the respondent’s attitude is bonus will be announced on the company’s profitability and it had been announced once in a year. 10. Majority (80%) of the employees satisfied with the peers and superiors behaviors and 20 % of the respondents were not satisfied. 70 †¢ 71. 11. 40% of the employees were well known about the loans and advances issued by the company and they were utilizing them, 29% are not utilizing them and the remaining 31% were not know about the loans and advances in the organization. 12. 5% of the respondents in the organization are satisfied with their salaries and the remaining 35% were not satisfied with the salaries. 13. In my study, 57% of respondent’s attitude is positive in the case of company’s infrastructure and the remaining 43 % respondents attitude is negative. 14. Majority of the respondents job satisfaction falling in between 50%-75% and a minor part of the respondent’s job satisfaction is up to 100%. SUGGES TIONS 71 †¢ 72. LIMITATIONS LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY: 1. Some of the information given by the respondents may not be accurate. 2. Time period to be the major limitation. 3. Due to lack of time, the study is confined only to the few employees. 4. The area of study is limited to K. MOHAN & CO (Exports) Pvt Ltd only. 72 †¢ 73. 5. The questions that we asked being personal, some of workmen hesitated to answer some questions like their salary details and the relation with their superiors. A STUDY ON EMPLOYEE JOB SATISFACTION TOWARDS K MOHAN &CO (EXPORTS) GARMENTS, B’LORE. QUESTIONNAIRE PART: A 73 †¢ 74. 1. Name of the Respondent: 2. Age: 3. Sex: (Male / Female) 4. Educational Qualification: 1. Post Graduate: 2. Diploma / Degree Holder: 3. SSLC / PUC / ITI: 4. Less than SSLC: 5. Belonging Category: 1. Staff ( ) 2. Employee ( ) 6. Department: 7. Basic Salary:[ ] A)Below 5,000 B)5,000-15,000 C)15,000-30,000 D) Above 30,000 PART: B 74 †¢ 75. 8. Since how long you are working in this Organization? 1. Below one year 2. More than one year 3. More than three years 4. More than five years 9. Is the company provided the following facilities to you like? 1. Pick and Drop (Y/N) 2. Free Canteen (Y/N) 3. Quarters (Y/N) 10. Are you satisfied with your pears & superiors behavior? 1. Is company allowing bonus 1. In six months 2. In a year 3. More than one year 4. No bonus 12. Are bonus been announced 1. Based on employees working performance 2. Based on companies profitability 13. Are you satisfied with the loans and advances issued by the company? 14. Is the company incrementing salary for its workers? 15. What is company’s profitability during last five years? 1. Increasing 2 . Deceasing 75 †¢ 76. 16. Are the food provided by the company is a. Bad b. Not bad c. Good d. Very Good 17. Are you satisfied with job timings (Y/ N)? 8. Is any ESI facility provided by the company (Y / N)? 19. Are you satisfied with the pick & drop facility provided by the company? 20. Is there any safety measures for the labour who are working with huge machineries (Y / N)? 21. You got job by a. By Recommendation b. By skill 22. Reason for joining in this company? 23. Any Reason for quitting the company? 24. Are you satisfied with the company infrastructure? 25. Are you satisfied with your salary? 26. Your job satisfaction is up to a. Up to 25% b. 25% to 50% 3. 50% to 75% 4. Up to 100% SIGNATURE 76