Cryptography Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cryptography - Research Paper Example The development of c is done so that there are components which are excess in it. This will, hence, empower the beneficiary to reproduce c regardless of whether a few bits of c are adulterated by commotion; the collector will in the end remake m (Gary 93). In a conventional way, a blunder revising code is made out of a set, C? {0, 1} n of codewords. This set has strings which empowers messages to be mapped in it before they are transmitted. For this situation, a code that will be utilized for k-bit messages, C will have 2k components which are particular. So that there is some excess, there will be a need to have n>k. codes that are utilized for amending mistakes can be characterized in spaces which are non-twofold as well and this paper has development which is direct and extensible in these non-parallel spaces (Denning 72). For blunder remedying codes to be utilized, there will be a requirement for capacities that will empower us to encode and decipher messages. In this paper we will let M = {0, 1}k be a portrayal of the space message. There is an interpretation work, g : M C, which speak to a coordinated mapping capacity of messages to codewords. This means g is the mapping that is utilized before the transmission happens. Then again, g-1 is the capacity that is utilized after accepting of messages to recover codes in the codeword. There is a capacity, alluded to as unraveling capacity that is utilized for mapping n-bits that are subjective to codewords. This is the capacity, f : {0, 1}1 C U {O}. In the event that the f work is fruitful, it will figure out how to delineate given string which has n-bits x to the closest codeword that is found in C (that is, the closeness to proximity in Hamming separation). In the event that this not the situation, at that point f will come up short and the yield will be O3. The strength that a mistake adjusting code has will rely upon the separation between the codewords. To make this increasingly unequivocal, we will req uire some essential documentation that respect strings of the paired digits. For this case, we will utilize + and †to speak to bitwise XOR administrator on the bit strings. We will utilize an estimation Hamming weight, which is the quantity of ‘1’ bits that are found in u. The Hamming weight is indicated by ||u|| (this is the heaviness of a string which has n strings). The Hamming weight has an exact meaning of the quantity of ‘l’ bits that are found in u. In a similar point of view, the Hamming separation that is found between two strings, u and v is characterized as the quantity of digits that make two strings to appear as something else (Gary 62). In an identical way, the Hamming separation will be equivalent to ||u - v||. We ordinarily take it that a capacity that is utilized for unraveling, that is work f, will have an amendment edge with a size of t on the off chance that it can address any arrangement of t bit blunders. In a progressively clear way, for any codeword c â‚ ¬ C, and any blunder term e â‚ ¬ {0, 1}n, that has || e ||? t, this is the situation that f(c+e) = c. for this situation, we will respect C to have an adjustment edge which has a size of t if there is a capacity f for C for t, which additionally has a rectification edge of size t. there is an a perception that the separation that is found between two codewords in C ought to have a separation of in any event 2t + 1. The area of a codeword c is characterized to be f-1 (c). This implies the area of c has a subset of strings that are n-bit long where f maps to c. the capacity that is utilized for unraveling, that is work f, is set so that f-1(c) has a nearness to c that some other code word that

Second Seminole War, 1835-1842

Second Seminole War, 1835-1842 Having endorsed the Adams-Onã ­s Treaty in 1821, the United States authoritatively bought Florida from Spain. Taking control, American authorities finished up the Treaty of Moultrie Creek two years after the fact which set up a huge reservation in focal Florida for the Seminoles. By 1827, most of the Seminoles had moved to the booking and Fort King (Ocala) was developed close by under the direction of Colonel Duncan L. Secure. Despite the fact that the following five years were generally quiet, some started to require the Seminoles to be moved west of the Mississippi River. This was somewhat determined by issues rotating around the Seminoles giving asylum to got away from slaves, a gathering that got known as the Black Seminoles. Also, the Seminoles were progressively leaving the booking as chasing on their territories was poor. Seeds of Conflict With an end goal to take out the Seminole issue, Washington passed the Indian Removal Act in 1830 which required their migration west. Meeting at Paynes Landing, FL in 1832, authorities talked about migration with the main Seminole boss. Going to an understanding, the Treaty of Paynes Landing expressed that the Seminoles would move if a gathering of boss concurred that the terrains in the west were appropriate. Visiting the terrains close to the Creek Reservation, the gathering concurred and marked a report expressing that the grounds were satisfactory. Coming back to Florida, they immediately repudiated their past proclamation and guaranteed they had been compelled to sign the record. Regardless of this, the settlement was approved by the US Senate and the Seminoles were given three years complete their turn. The Seminoles Attack In October 1834, the Seminole boss educated the specialist at Fort King, Wiley Thompson, that they had no aim of moving. While Thompson started getting reports that the Seminoles were gathering weapons, Clinch alarmed Washington that power might be required to force the Seminoles to move. After further conversations in 1835, a portion of the Seminole boss consented to move, anyway the most impressive cannot. With the circumstance falling apart, Thompson remove the offer of weapons to the Seminoles. As the year advanced, minor assaults started happening around Florida. As these heightened, the domain started planning for war. In December, with an end goal to strengthen Fort King, the US Army coordinated Major Francis Dade to take two organizations north from Fort Brooke (Tampa). As they walked, they were shadowed by the Seminoles. On December 28, the Seminoles assaulted, executing everything except two of Dades 110 men. That equivalent day, a gathering drove by the warrior Osceola tra pped and killed Thompson. Gaines Response Accordingly, Clinch moved south and faced an uncertain conflict with the Seminoles on December 31 close to their base in the Cove of the Withlacoochee River. As the war immediately heightened, Major General Winfield Scott was accused of disposing of the Seminole danger. His first activity was to coordinate Brigadier General Edmund P. Gaines to assault with a power of around 1,100 regulars and volunteers. Showing up at Fort Brooke from New Orleans, Gaines troops started moving towards Fort King. En route, they covered the assortments of Dades order. Showing up at Fort King, they thought that it was lacking in provisions. In the wake of deliberating with Clinch, who was based at Fort Drane toward the north, Gaines chose for come back to Fort Brooke by means of the Cove of the Withlacoochee River. Moving along the waterway in February, he drew in the Seminoles in mid-February. Unfit to progress and knowing there were no provisions at Fort King, he chose for invigorate his position. Fixe d in, Gaines was saved toward the beginning of March by Clinchs men who had descended from Fort Drane (Map). Scott in the Field With Gaines disappointment, Scott chose for assume responsibility for tasks face to face. A legend of the War of 1812, he arranged a huge scope crusade against the Cove which called for 5,000 men in three segments to strike the zone in show. Despite the fact that each of the three segments should be set up on March 25, delays followed and they were not prepared until March 30. Going with a segment drove by Clinch, Scott entered the Cove however found that the Seminole towns had been relinquished. Short on provisions, Scott pulled back to Fort Brooke. As the spring advanced, Seminole assaults and the frequency of malady expanded convincing the US Army to pull back from key posts, for example, Forts King and Drane. Trying to reverse the situation, Governor Richard K. Call took the field with a power of volunteers in September. While an underlying effort up the Withlacoochee fizzled, a second in November saw him draw in the Seminoles in the Battle of Wahoo Swamp. Unfit to progress durin g the battling, Call fell back to Volusia, FL. Jesup in Command On December 9, 1836, Major General Thomas Jesup eased Call. Successful in the Creek War of 1836, Jesup tried to granulate down the Seminoles and his powers at last expanded to around 9,000 men. Working related to the US Navy and Marine Corps, Jesup started to turn American fortunes. On January 26, 1837, American powers won a triumph at Hatchee-Lustee. Presently, the Seminole boss drew closer Jesup in regards to a détente. Meeting in March, an understanding was arrived at which would permit the Seminoles to move west with their negroes, [and] their real property. As the Seminoles came into camps, they were addressed by slave catchers and obligation authorities. With relations again intensifying, two Seminole pioneers, Osceola and Sam Jones, showed up and drove away around 700 Seminoles. Infuriated by this, Jesup continued activities and started sending assaulting parties into Seminole domain. Over the span of these, his men caught the pioneers King Philip and Uchee Billy. With an end goal to finish up the issue, Jesup started depending on dishonesty to catch Seminole pioneers. In October, he captured King Philips child, Coacoochee, subsequent to constraining his dad to compose a letter mentioning a gathering. That equivalent month, Jesup masterminded a gathering with Osceola and Coa Hadjo. In spite of the fact that the two Seminole pioneers showed up under a banner of ceasefire, they were immediately taken prisoner. While Osceola would bite the dust of jungle fever three months after the fact, Coacoochee got away from bondage. Later that fall, Jesup utilized a designation of Cherokees to draw out extra Seminole pioneers so they could be captured. Simultaneously, Jesup attempted to construct a huge military power. Separated into three segments, he looked to compel the rest of the Seminoles south. One of these sections, drove by Colonel Zachary Taylor experienced a solid Seminole power, drove by Alligator, on Christmas Day. Assaulting, Taylor won a blee ding triumph at the Battle of Lake Okeechobee. As Jesups powers joined together and proceeded with their crusade, a consolidated Army-Navy power faced an unpleasant conflict at Jupiter Inlet on January 12, 1838. Compelled to fall back, their retreat was secured by Lieutenant Joseph E. Johnston. After twelve days, Jesups armed force won triumph close by at the Battle of Loxahatchee. The next month, driving Seminole boss drew nearer Jesup and offered to quit battling whenever given a booking in southern Florida. While Jesup supported this methodology, it was declined by the War Department and he was requested to keep battling. As countless Seminoles had assembled around his camp, he educated them regarding Washingtons choice and immediately kept them. Tired of the contention, Jesup requested to be calmed and was supplanted by Taylor, who was elevated to brigadier general, in May. Taylor Takes Charge Working with diminished powers, Taylor tried to ensure northern Florida so pilgrims could come back to their homes. With an end goal to make sure about the district, the developed a progression of little strongholds associated by streets. While these secured American pioneers, Taylor utilized bigger arrangements to search out the rest of the Seminoles. This methodology was to a great extent fruitful and battling calmed during the last piece of 1838. With an end goal to finish up the war, President Martin Van Buren dispatched Major General Alexander Macomb to make harmony. After a moderate beginning, dealings at long last delivered a harmony arrangement on May 19, 1839 which took into consideration a booking in southern Florida. The harmony held for barely two months and finished when Seminoles assaulted Colonel William Harneys order at an exchanging post along the Caloosahatchee River on July 23. In the wake of this episode, assaults and ambushes of American soldiers and pilgrims con tinued. In May 1840, Taylor was conceded an exchange and supplanted with Brigadier General Walker K. Armistead. Expanding the Pressure Attacking, Armistead crusaded in the late spring regardless of the climate and danger of malady. Striking at Seminole yields and settlements, he looked to deny them of provisions and food. Turning over the barrier of northern Florida to the civilian army, Armistead kept on constraining the Seminoles. In spite of a Seminole assault on Indian Key in August, American powers proceeded with the hostile and Harney led a fruitful assault into the Everglades in December. Notwithstanding military action, Armistead utilized an arrangement of pay-offs and affectations to persuade different Seminole pioneers to take their groups west. Giving activities to Colonel William J. Worth in May 1841, Armistead left Florida. Proceeding Armisteads arrangement of assaults throughout that late spring, Worth freed the Cove from the Withlacoochee and a lot of northern Florida. Catching Coacoochee on June 4, he utilized the Seminole chief to acquire the individuals who were standing up to. This demonstrated halfway effective. In November, US troops assaulted into the Big Cypress Swamp and consumed a few towns. With battling slowing down in mid 1842, Worth suggested leaving the rest of the Seminoles set up in the event that they would stay on a casual reservation in southern Florida. In August, Worth met with the Seminole heads and offered last affectations to migrate.

Sights, Sounds, Smells, Tastes, and Feels of IAP

Sights, Sounds, Smells, Tastes, and Feels of IAP Sights Las Vegas: At CES 2017, my friends and I networked with startup founders, rode an UberCHOPPER for free, and got into the TechCrunch afterparty. But my main reason for being there was to get more into virtual reality. I did that at both the Innovations Showcase and the Upload afterparty. There, I got to meet with virtual reality experts and learn more about the industrys future.     Washington DC:  While we were visiting one of our friends in DC, it turned out that one of my MIT frat brothers was also staying in DC, interning for the Department of Energy. So they took us around the city. During our adventure, we came across the Thomas Jefferson Memorial. Notice any similarities to other famous domes? After some googling, it seems that the construction of the two is unrelated (Thomas Jefferson Memorial by John Russell Pope and MIT Dome by MIT alumnus William Welles Bosworth). Interestingly, both architects were inspired by the Rome Pantheon and incorporated that in their design. New York: On our way back from DC, we stopped by in NYC to hang out with our Brown University friends, who were touring startups as part of their entrepreneurship program. We saw the Empire State Building and visited interesting companies around the city like Ellevest, 305 Fitness, and Fahrenheit 212.   Boston: Back at MIT, I also saw some interesting events, like the AR in Action conference: The MASLAB IAP Robotics Competition: The famous Nuts and Bolts IAP class, which I was taking: and the demo day for the virtual reality IAP class taught by [emailprotected]: Sounds At CES, my friends and I went to some free concerts by Lil Jon, Afrojack, and Alesso. A video posted by Erick Pinos (@erickpinos) on Jan 12, 2017 at 2:23pm PST A video posted by Erick Pinos (@erickpinos) on Jan 13, 2017 at 10:22pm PST A video posted by Erick Pinos (@erickpinos) on Jan 13, 2017 at 10:22pm PST In DC and New York, we blasted the radio on No Money during our Uber rides. A video posted by Erick Pinos (@erickpinos) on Feb 9, 2017 at 11:49am PST Smells Every semester, we switch around rooms in our fraternity to have new roommates and thus bond with more brothers. During this time, the house is filled with the smell of Scrubbing Bubbles and Pledge as we give the house and our rooms a deep cleaning. Itll be neat soon, I just moved in. As part of Orientation each fall, MIT freshmen are taken to the New England Aquarium. I went during my freshman year, and then I went again two years later as an orientation leader. Last weekend I went again just for fun. The smell of fish was strong around the aquarium, as feeding time has just happened for the penguins and the sea lions. Tastes Most MIT students arent on a meal plan for IAP. Since food is expensive, and cooking food takes a while, I wanted to try an experiment in Soylent, a meal replacement shake. I first tried one at HackMIT, then I tried it again at CES. For the month of January, I aimed to replace my breakfast and lunch with Soylent. So I bought a few bottles Soylent tastes like room temperature oatmeal cream with all the sugar sucked out. I started mixing them with hot chocolate and that improved the taste. I would bring one around campus and sip it throughout the day, and then I cooked back at the frat house for dinner. Surprisingly, Soylent made me savor the taste of food much more, like when I cooked some string beans and mushrooms pasta. I guess my tongue was so used to salty and sweet foods that, after not being exposed to it for a while, the slightest bit of salt would make something taste really salty. In New York, my friends and I tried an all you can eat sushi buffet (big mistake). I had octopus, squid, eel, mackerel, swordfish, and sockeye salmon for the first time. Halfway through, we started leaving the rice and eating only the fish to save room in our stomachs for more. But at the end, we picked up the menu and saw that for every piece left unfinished, we would be charged $1. We chowed down on the leftover rice that had accumulated. It was not fun. Since we were moving rooms in the fraternity, I went to a nearby IKEA for furniture shopping. But really, I was there for the food. When I went to IKEA growing up, my brothers and I would get the meatballs and French fries because we were kids and my parents got the salmon and vegetables because they were adults. Now that Im an adult, I proudly still ordered the meatballs and French fries. And lingonberry..I love lingonberry. Throughout IAP there was also free pizza.. free pizza everywhere. Feels Today is registration day for the spring semester. Today is the first day of classes of the spring semester. Today is the first snow day of the spring semester. It took me a while to finish this post, as IAP ended and classes started pretty quickly after that, plus having to move rooms in my fraternity. But the snow day today has been really good for my writing (and sleeping). I aint going out there (until the snowball fight starts) Its been a good IAP, full of spectacular sights, memorable sounds, familiar smells, and weird tastes. They say the most fun you have at MIT is when classe arent in session. As the semester settles in and I get back on a semi-regular schedule, I want to keep this momentum going in meeting people and building cool things as I get ready to graduate. Im really like my spring classes and am looking forward to this semester. Post Tagged #fraternities #photography #Skullhouse #snow #[emailprotected]

Human Anatomy Based On Dissection - 1356 Words

Art is word that most individuals have an idea, a mental category, of yet often fail to truly define. This is due to the fact that art is a term that has existed for thousands of years and thus its meaning and lexicography has changed drastically over the years based on endless factors. Art started off being defined as a craft, measured by the technical prowess of the artist and used as tool in the retelling of history or for religious practices and doctrine. From there, it evolved into a practice of replication, attempting to create the most realistic of images, particularly around the time of the renaissance, with the invention of linear perspective and a growing understanding of human anatomy based on dissection. In the renaissance, the more technically capable an artist is in recreating life, the more talented he is seen to be. However, movements like impressionism, a reaction to the invention of photography, now aimed for, not realism, but the capturing of the impression of the image, using colour and broad brushstrokes, giving pieces an unfinished look. Symbolism and expressionism aimed for a less literal view of the world. In reaction to freud’s interpretation of dreams, surrealism aimed to explore the creative potential of the human psyche, while the modernist movement resulted in art that can be as simple as painting squares on a canvas or signing your name on a urinal. A giant rock, misplaced, is now recognized as art. Erecting a giant curtain on a piece of landShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Human Dissection799 Words   |  4 Pageswere the major source of dissection in the 16th century. Human dissection was really difficult because there were a short supply of bodies used for dissection in the winter. Mainly because the majority of humans that were used for dissection or vivisection were executed criminals. â€Å"Anatomic knowledge had been passed down from ancient greek times but largely came from the writings of Galen. This is why it w as very impactful when Andreas Vesalius challenged Galenic anatomy in 1543.† (Gaynes,80) GalenRead More Anatomical Discoveries During the Renaissance Period926 Words   |  4 Pagesunderstanding of the human anatomy have come a long way. Though if it weren’t for certain Anatomists, we may have not have had the right comprehension of the human body which could have led to errors in surgery and more deaths while treating patients. The Renaissance period was a time where Anatomists searched for clearer understanding of the human body. During the Renaissance period, Anatomists questioning and experimentation led to great discoveries of the human body. Wrong theories of the anatomy have beenRead MoreThe Human Body Has Changed Over 3000 Years Ago924 Words   |  4 PagesThe history of the human body has changed over 3,000 years ago. Many physicians based their findings primarily through intuitive thinking and ancient philosophers. The primary reason I chose this topic is because I love the anatomy and knowing all the organs, body parts, and the way the body functions. After my aunt was diagnose with type 2 diabetes, I had a strong desire to know, how could this be? I thought, â€Å"Why not know the history behind it and the science itself. What exactly caused it? WhatRead MoreLeonardo Da Vinci Is Famous As A Painter, Sculptor And1213 Words   |  5 Pagesknowledge being anatomy, zoology, botany, geology, optics, aerodynamics and hydrodynamics to name a few. He did play a large role in the development of knowledge about anatomy and the human body. He was one of the greatest anatomists of his time, although unrecognized for it du ring his lifetime. Anatomical studies were primarily for the purpose of better depiction of the human body and presumably went no further than a study of the superficial structures. Da Vinci’s acquaintance with anatomy in the beginningRead MoreAndreas Vesalius1643 Words   |  7 Pagesmedical school at the University of Louvain, where Vesalius started his medical studies in 1530. He matriculated as Andres van Wesel de Bruxella. In 1533 Vesalius transferred to the medical school of the University of Paris. One of his two teachers of anatomy there was Johann Guenther von Andernach, a personable man but a poor anatomist. The other was Jacobus Sylvius, who departed from tradition by giving some role to dissecting in anatomical instructions. Both teachers gave in their own ways a tellingRead MoreHow we came to know what we know now about anatomy and physiology has always been a great curiosity1000 Words   |  4 PagesHow we came to know what we know now about anatomy and physiology has always been a great curiosity of anyone interested in the medical field. Knowing the history can lead to even more discoveries in the future. When you think of anatomy you imagine something like this picture below. But here is where it all began†¦. The beginning of anatomy and physiology, ironically, began with a curiosity in biology. The first man to create an important contribution to biology was Alcmaeon, in the 5th centuryRead MoreEssay on The Scientific Revolution1135 Words   |  5 PagesThe way man viewed the universe in which he lived, the world of nature that surrounded him and even his own physical anatomy changed right before him. Scientists, like Galileo, disproved the heliocentric model as new instruments like the telescope were invented. The way in which man saw his own physical anatomy changed when Andreas Vesalius completed detailed studies of the human body. Due to these new, groundbreaking studies man began to view himself as insignificant and as a machine. FirstRead MoreEssay on Greatest Anatomist2121 Words   |  9 Pagesknowledge being anatomy, zoology, botany, geology, optics, aerodynamics and hydrodynamics to name a few. He did play a large role in the development of knowledge about anatomy and the human body. He was one of the greatest anatomists of his time, although unrecognized for it during his lifetime. Anatomical studies were primarily for the purpose of better depiction of the human body and presumably went no further than a study of the superficial structures. Da Vinci’s acquaintance with anatomy in the beginningRead MoreThe Importance Of Humanism And Leonardo Da Vinci1114 Words   |  5 Pagesso many different disciplines. â€Å"Although Leonardo da Vinci endures as the quintessential polymath, the epitome of the â€Å"Renaissance Man† dabbling in a wide array of disciplines — art, architecture, cartography, mathematics, literature, engineering, anatomy, geology, music, sculpture, botany — his interest in science was anything but cursory or amateurish.† (brainpickings.org). He wanted to create new machines for a new world. He wanted to create better conditions for people. He applied his drawing andRead MoreThe Characteristics Of Leonardo Da Vincis The Dwarf1419 Words   |  6 Pagespaintings are based on the anatomical structure behind it. Da Vinci was interested in studying the formation of living things. He is fascinated by the human anatomy. â€Å"Leonardo learned anatomy initially from the old Greeks and Romans. Leonardo immersed himself in human post-mortem examinations. He critically examined 30 human corpses at a time when nobody was performing these examinations. He went from fetuses to babyhood to old age. He wanted to recognize each part of the human body, including

ARLT Chinese Imagination Essay - 1578 Words

Repay your love and friendship Chinese literature, for example, ancient poetry, lyrics, and traditional Chinese stories, reveals many different kinds of good personalities of people. According to a famous ancient Chinese philosopher, Confucius ( ¿Ãƒâ€"Ãâ€"Ó), men are born to be kind (ÈËÃâ€" ®Ã‚ ³Ãƒ µÃ‚ ©o à Ãƒâ€Ã‚ ±Ã‚ ¾Ãƒâ€°Ãƒâ€ ). Everyone has his or her own good qualities and sometimes they are just hidden and needed to be explored and discovered. In traditional China, people had a strong sense of repayment (ˆÃ ³Ã‚ ´Ãƒ °). People who do not have this ability to repay others who have helped them before are usually being looked down on. The sense of repayment is perhaps a product of a good friendship or love. And the boundary of love here in this case, is not only about the love†¦show more content†¦However, here Li Wa gives a speech which shows her decency and qualities of being, later, a noblewoman. She notices that it is totally her and her mother ¡Ã‚ ¯s fault which causes the young man to suffer and the broken relationship between the young man and his father. She has been devoted and respectful to her mother but she does not do this over the line. Li Wa does what she believes to be right and what she ought to do. She pays her mother for her freedom. However, she still offers to  ¡Ã‚ °live in a place close by, so that [they (Li Wa and the young man)] can still pay [their] respects to [her mother] daily. ¡  ± The author once again lets us see that Li Wa shows her filial piety to her so-called  ¡Ã‚ °mother ¡Ã‚ ± and that she does this as a repayment to her mother for being her  ¡Ã‚ °mother ¡Ã‚ ± for twenty years.  ¡Ã‚ °The Courtesan Li Wa ¡Ã‚ ± is a very clear and good example to show how repayment and filial piety are tied together.  ¡Ã‚ °The Leper Girl ¡Ã‚ ± is another story which is in the theme of filial piety. Ch ¡Ã‚ ¯en Ch ¡Ã‚ ¯i is a very positive and devoted character which shows filial piety. Ch ¡Ã‚ ¯en Ch ¡Ã‚ ¯i, with the help of the old man Ssu-kung who is Ch ¡Ã‚ ¯en Ch ¡Ã‚ ¯i ¡Ã‚ ¯s uncle ¡Ã‚ ¯s friend in Kwangtung, is introduced to Li-yu ¡Ã‚ ¯s family. He realizes that his personal background is not good enough to match Li-yu ¡Ã‚ ¯s family, so he first hesitates to even go there. Later he keeps himself very well-mannered and humble and asks for an absence of a short period of time after the marriage in order to transport hisShow MoreRelatedThe Origin Of The Dragon2970 Words   |  12 PagesJacob Rey Professor Ellen Oliveira ARLT – 100G 7 October 2014 Dragons Transformed Dragon have been predominant in many cultures for centuries. Its function may differ culture to culture but its identity has become a universal symbol; we all have the dragon in common. Dragons are everywhere and appear to be the most documented creature in all of ancient history, second to that of the human being (Isaacs 19). These magnificent creatures like any other monster have an origin. Scholars, however, debate

A Review Of Electro Magnet Therapy Health Essay Free Essays

string(43) " hurting caused by degenerative arthritis\." Loss of articular gristle, induration and eburnation of sub-chondral bone, osteophytes and sub-chondral cysts ( Keuttner and Goldberg 1995 ) . Osteoarthritis ( OA ) is the most common upset of the musculoskeletal system and is a effect of mechanical and biological events that destabilize tissue homeostasis in articular articulations. Osteoarthritis ( OA ) is presently defined by the American College of Rheumatology as a â€Å"heterogeneous group of conditions that leads to joint symptoms and marks which are associated with faulty unity of articular gristle, in add-on to related alterations in the underlying bone at the joint margins. We will write a custom essay sample on A Review Of Electro Magnet Therapy Health Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now † The etiology of OA is multi factorial, with inflammatory, metabolic, and mechanical causes. A figure of environmental hazard factors, such as fleshiness, business, and injuries, may originate assorted pathological tracts. OA indicates the devolution of articular gristle together with alterations in sub-chondral bone and mild intra-articular redness. Osteoarthritis ( OA ) has a really high prevalence among middle-aged and aged people and the disease is responsible for significant direct and indirect socioeconomic costs and the intervention options are few and unsatisfactory. The chief intervention aims are to command hurting adequately, better map, and cut down disablement. Acetaminophen is often used for diagnostic OA with mild to chair hurting. Non-steroidal anti, or manual therapy. The value of intercessions aimed at bettering map and maximising independency ( occupational therapy, walking AIDSs, and workplace version ) is besides ill-defined. The disease class and patient ‘s demands frequently change over clip, therefore necessitating a periodic reappraisal and readjustment of therapy instead than the stiff continuance of a individual intervention. The articulatio genus is one of the most normally affected articulations and patients present with a combination of hurting, malformation, redness, stiffness and musculus wasting. The essay reviews the electro magnetic therapy for handling articulatio genus degenerative arthritis, analysing the underlying rule of what it is and how it works. The research literature on the topic has been exhaustively reviewed to pull a meaningful decision about the effectivity of the method. Electro Magnetic Therapy Electro magnetic therapy is a signifier of alternate medical specialty in which the disease is treated by using electro magnetic energy to the organic structure. Electro magnetic therapy is found to be successful in handling assorted signifiers of physical hurting. The assorted electro magnetic devices, including magnets are used worldwide to laminate hurting, to mend broken castanetss, to alleviate many signifiers of emphasis, and to alleviate symptoms affecting the skeleton and the articulations of the organic structure. The human organic structure produces really elusive electro magnetic Fieldss, which have been generated in the organic structure through chemical reaction within cells and ionic currents go throughing through the nervous system. In recent old ages scientists have been detecting more and more ways that electro magnetic Fieldss act upon the organic structure ‘s working both in a positive every bit good as a negative mode. These observations and other has led to the development of electro magnetic therapy. Osteoarthritis, which is besides known as Degenerative Arthritis, is one of the most common types of arthritis. It involves the devolution of the gristle located in the articulations. Osteoarthritis occurs due to loss of gristle and electro magnetic therapy is believed to excite gristle growing. This has led to the usage of electro magnetic therapy in handling articulatio genus degenerative arthritis. Critical Review Some research workers reported the successful direction of degenerative arthritis through controlled chondrocyte decease and programmed cell death, use of response to anabolic and katabolic stimulations and matrix synthesis or debasement and redness ( Fini et al. , 2005 ) . This comes under possible chondroprotective intervention. This intervention is considered to be the better attack relativAlthough many drugs o to medicate intervention as the bulk of them relieve hurting and addition map, but do non modify the complex pathological procedures that occur in these tissues. Contrary to this pulsed electromagnetic Fieldss ( PEMFs ) surely show important physiological effects on cells and tissues by the upregulation of cistron look of members of the transforming growing factor beta ace household. This intervention besides has advantage over the traditional medical specialties as it increases glycosaminoglycan degrees, and an anti-inflammatory action. Hence there is a strong principle for the usage of electro magnetic therapy in intervention of degenerative arthritis as it involves the vivo usage of biophysical stimulation with PEMFs. Liu et al. , ( 1996 ) noticed the positive function of Pulsed electromagnetic Fieldss ( PEMF ) as they influence the extracellular matrix metamorphosis of a diverse scope of skeletal tissues. The positive consequence of PEMF on the composing and molecular construction of gristle proteoglycans was good established which can be considered as strong principle for this therapy. One thing was made clear that PEMF intervention would n’t impact the DNA content of explants. However its function in stirred lift of glycosaminoglycan content in the explant and preservation of the tissue ‘s histological unity was good documented. Furthermore it was revealed that the PEMF intervention significantly suppressed both the debasement of preexistent glycosaminoglycans biosynthetically labeled in ovo and the synthesis of new [ 35S ] -sulfated glycosaminoglycans. Most noteworthy happening emerged out of this survey is that the exposure of embryologic biddy gristle explants to PEMF for 3 h/day maintained a balanced proteoglycan composing by down-regulating its turnover without impacting either molecular construction or map. Thamsborg et al. , ( 2005 ) besides investigated the effectivity of pulsed electromagnetic Fieldss ( PEMF ) in the intervention of degenerative arthritis ( OA ) of the articulatio genus. The accent was chiefly given to a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical test and.the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities ( WOMAC ) questionnaire. It was revealed that a important betterment in ADL ( Activities of daily larning ) , stiffness and hurting was recorded with PEMF-treated groups. One of the weak points that emerged out of this survey is that the betterment witnessed with PMEF is non important with elderly people. The principle for this survey is that the patients lt ; 65 old ages of age responded highly good to PMEF intervention in footings of reduced hurting caused by degenerative arthritis. You read "A Review Of Electro Magnet Therapy Health Essay" in category "Essay examples" No uncertainty, the positive function of electromagnetic therapy in hurting decrease is good established. The mechanism in which this hurting decrease occurs is as follows: Pain signals are transmitted along nerve cells to pre-synaptic terminuss. At these terminuss, channels in the cell alter due to a motion of ions. The membrane potency alterations, doing the release of a chemical sender from a synaptic cyst contained within the membrane. The hurting signal is chemically transferred across the synaptic spread to chemical receptors on the post-synaptic nervus cell. This all happens in about 1/2000th of a 2nd, as the synaptic spread is merely 20 to 50 nanometers broad. As the hurting signal, in chemical signifier, approaches the post-synaptic cell, the membrane alterations and the signal is transferred. If we look at the electromotive forces across the synaptic membrane so, under no hurting conditions, the degree is about -70 millivolt. When the hurting signal approaches the membrane potency additions to about +30 millivolt, it allows Na flow. This in bend triggers the synaptic cyst to let go of the chemical sender and so reassign the hurting signal across the synaptic spread or cleft. After the transmittal, the electromotive force reduces back to its normal quiescent degree until the following hurting signal arrives. The application of pulsed magnetic attraction to painful sites causes the membrane to be lowered to a hyper-polarization degree of about -90 millivolt. When a hurting signal is detected, the electromotive force must now be raised to a comparatively higher degree in order to fire the synaptic cysts. Since the mean alteration of potency required to make the trigger electromotive force of about +30 millivolt is +100 millivolt, the needed alteration is excessively great and merely +10 millivolt is attained. This electromotive force is by and large excessively low to do the synaptic cyst to let go of the chemical sender and therefore the hurting signal is blocked. The most effectual frequences that have been observed from research in order to do the above alterations to membrane potencies are a basal frequence of around 100Hz and pulse rate scenes of between 5 and 25Hz† . The Rationale Let us critically analyse the principle behind the efficaciousness and application of electro magnetic therapy in intervention of degenerative arthritis. The reappraisal of some most relevant research documents has been carried out to come to a valid decision. The function of electro magnetic therapy in cistron look ordinance was considered to be the chief principle ( Aaron et al. , 2004 ) . This cistron look happens in connective tissue cells for structural extracellular matrix ( ECM ) proteins ensuing in an addition in gristle and bone production. It was besides established that the electro magnetic therapy enhanced fix and a addition in mechanical belongingss of the mending tissues. The failing of the survey is that the biophysical interactions of electric and electromagnetic Fieldss at the cell membrane are non good understood and require considerable extra survey. It was besides noticed that the understanding physical interactions and transmembrane signaling will most probably be necessary to set up dosing paradigms and better curative efficaciousness. Most notably, considerable information has been generated on an intermediary mechanism of activity – growing factor stimulation. In short, electric and electromagnetic Fieldss increase cistron look for, and synthesis of, growing factors and this may work to magnify field effects through autocrine and paracrine signaling. Electric and electromagnetic Fieldss can bring forth a sustained upregulation of growing factors, which enhance, but do non disorganise endochondral bone formation. Another of import principle for utilizing electromagnetic therapy in intervention of degenerative arthritis is that it plays important function in chondrogenic distinction in endochondral ossification ( Coimbor et al. , 2002 ) . But it has to be applied in highly low frequence. The positive function of electro magnetic therapy was good established by the demineralized bone matrix ( DBM ) -induced endochondral ossification theoretical account. The electro magnetic therapy brought important alterations in [ 35S ] -Sulfate and [ 3H ] -thymidine incorporation and glycosaminoglycan ( GAG ) content. Bistolfi ( 2006 ) emphasized the importance of electro magnetic therapy in doing bioeffects at the bone and soft tissue degree, and at the cellular degree. It affects the operation of bone-forming cells, osteoclasts, keratinocytes, fibroblasts, chondrocytes, nervus cells and endothelial and musculus cells. The strong principle behind the function of electro magnetic therapy lies in transduction phenomena happening in life affair. The chief drawback of this theory is that electromagnetic and mechanical signals are non ever interchangeable, depending on their several strength. One theory on efficaciousness of electromagnetic theory in cut downing the hurting caused due to osteoarthritis provinces that the elderly animate beings may non react good. However, it was proved incorrectly as some research probes conducted on Guinea hogs revealed that the pulsed electromagnetic field ( PEMF ) stimulation has a chondro protective consequence on degenerative arthritis ( OA ) patterned advance in the articulatio genus articulations of elderly guinea hogs. Even in the presence of terrible OA lesions PEMFs maintained a important efficaciousness in cut downing lesion patterned advance. Articular gristle is the joint construction most affected by osteo-arthritis. It is constituted by cells known as chondrocytes. These cells industry, secrete and keep the organic constituent of the extracellular compartment, or gristle matrix, composed of a dense collagen filament web enmeshed in aconcentrated solution of proteoglycans and H2O. They determine the biomechanical behavior of the tissue in response to dynamic burden ( Mow et al, 1989 ; Mow and Wang, 1999 ) . Their malfunction is frequently related to a lessening in proteoglycan concentration, in add-on to underlying bone harm, bone mortification, and bone remodelling, taking to break of the gristle collagen-proteoglycan matrix, and a decreasing ability of gristle and the environing joint tissues to absorb compressive emphasiss. A figure of carnal surveies have shown that when electric field is applied on articular gristle an addition in its proteoglycan content ( Aaron and Ciombor, 1993 ) can be found. This is indicated by an addition in its sulfate incorporation. The biological account for this result is non really clear, but may affect information transferred to the chondrocytes refering the nature of their mechanical environment and the province of the extracellular matrix which modifies written text and synthesis ( Aaron and Ciombor, 1993 ) . Alternately, pulsed electro magnetic Fieldss may interact with ligands on the chondrocyte cell surface membrane, and this interaction may take to alterations in internal Ca concentrations that trigger proteoglycan production ( Granziana et al, 1990 ; Lee et Al, 1993 ) . The Fieldss may besides increase chondrocyte synthesis of proteoglycans straight themselves ( Aaron and Ciombor, 1993 ) . This response, which may be cell specific may depend upon the electro physical parametric quantities of the applied pulsed electro magnetic Fieldss, including: amplitude, continuance and frequence, in add-on to the denseness of the cells themselves, and, intermittent exposure of gristle cells to pulsed electro magnetic Fieldss may be superior to uninterrupted exposure. In footings of continuance, Brighton et Al ( 1984 ) found the incorporation of sulfate into artilage supermolecules was increased within five yearss of pulsed electro magnetic field application to chondrocyte cell civilizations and that this increased even further, after 12 yearss. Furthermore, the civilizations exposed to the electrical Fieldss retained 95 % of their newly formed proteoglycans compared to 70 % of those assayed in control civilizations ( Aaron and Ciombor, 1993 ) , therefore proposing katabolism was slower in the treated tissue civilizations. Similar findings have been reported by Smith and Nagel ( 1983 ) and although gristle collagen content tends to stay unchanged during exposure to pulsed electro magnetic Fieldss ( Aaron and Ciombor, 1993 ) , cartilage proteoglycan molecules that are synthesised in response to pulsed electro magnetic Fieldss appear to be normal in size and composing. Pulsed electro magnetic field interventions might besides assist to continue extracellular matrix unity in early phases of degenerative arthritis, where inordinate proteoglycan is laid down, by down-regulating proteoglycan synthesis and debasement in aco-ordinated mode without impacting structural unity, and by increasing the proliferation of available chondrocytes, and their DNA man-made mechanisms. The mechanical and functional belongingss of articular gristle depend on the complex composing and organisation of its extracellular matrix ( ECM ) . The synthesis and debasement of ECM constituents is purely regulated by articular chondrocytes, which maintain gristle homeostasis in normal conditions. In pathological conditions, such as degenerative arthritis ( OA ) , changes in the normal functional activities of chondrocytes contribute to the instability in turnover of ECM constituents with debasement transcending synthesis ensuing in gradual harm of the articular gristle. The articular gristle metamorphosis is controlled by insulin like growing factors which can be modulated by electro magnetic forces. Clinical and carnal surveies show the possibility that exposure to electro magnetic force can hold a positive consequence on intervention of degenerative arthritis. Surveies indicate that PEMF can forestall gristle devolution through an adenosine receptor agonist consequence that can command locally the inflammatory processes that are ever associated with OA patterned advance. Evidence for enhanced cell distinction and extracellular matrix synthesis due to PEMF has been proved by a survey published in the diary of orthopedic research ( 2002 ) . An of import determination of this research was that, Proteoglycans ( PG ) are synthesized earlier and to a greater grade in EMF-exposed bonelets. The grounds for enhanced ripening in the open bonelets is farther supported by a temporal acceleration and quantitative addition in the look of messenger RNA for aggrecan and type II collagen compared to command bonelets on yearss 6 and 8 of development. Accelerated ripening of cartilagematrix by EMF is besides observed morphologically and biochemically. Earlier chondrocyte hypertrophy and matrix calcification are apparent. Jointly, these informations suggest that chondrogenic distinction occurs earlier, and that gristle extracellular matrix is synthesized to a greater grade and matures faster in response to EMF exposure. The consequence suggests the occuring of chondrogenic distinction and that, the exposure of assorted constellations of electro magnetic Fieldss can assist mend degenerative arthritis. Decision Overall, the electro magnetic therapy has helped in clinical intervention of degenerative arthritis by pull stringsing cistron look in fix tissues, positive consequence on gristle growing and several other bio-chemical alterations at cellular degree in life cells. Its consequence was found to be important even in elderly patients. However, the effects of magnetic Fieldss on organic structure tissues are complex and look to change from tissue to weave and from different strengths and continuance of the magnetic field applied. Much work demands to be done to optimise such variables as signal constellation and continuance of intervention before throbing electro magnetic field therapy can be by and large recommended. Several research probes though confirmed the high quality of electromagnetic therapy, its extent of positive function on articulatio genus osteo arthritis has to be farther studied before pulling valid decisions ( Hulme et al. , 2002 ) . Mentions Aaron, R K and Ciombor, D McK ( 1993 ) . ‘Therapeutic effects of electro magnetic Fieldss in the stimulation of connective tissue fix ‘ , Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 52, 42-46. Aaron, R.K. , Boyan, B.D. , Ciombor, D.M. , Schwartz, Z. and Simon, B.J. ( 2004 ) . Stimulation of growing factor synthesis by electric and electromagnetic Fieldss. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 410: 30-7. Altman R, Alarcon G, Appelrouth D, Bloch D, Borenstein D, A ; Brandt K, ( 1991 ) . ‘The American College of Rheumatology standards for the categorization and coverage of degenerative arthritis of the hip ‘ . Arthritis Rheum Vol. 34 pp 505-14. Barbero A, Grogan S, Schafer D, Heberer M, MainilVarlet P, Martin I. ( 2004 ) . 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Segmentation - Targeting - Differentiation and Positioning Strategy

Question: Discuss about theSegmentation,Targeting, Differentiation and Positioning Strategy. Answer: Background The food industry in Australia supplies a diverse range of products. The industry meets the consumer trends such as health and wellbeing which is also convenient and pays value for money. The food and beverage industry in the country contributes in terms of financially and providing employment (Williams, 2017). Sushi Sushi was first launched in Australia 20 years ago. The company has more than 120 locations worldwide. Sushi Sushi offers Japanese cuisine, including additional of salads to the menu. The chefs prepare meals by using ingredients like avocados, authentic Koshihikari rice and Tasmanian salmon (Hoel, et.al. 2015). Market Segmentation The potential market is segmented by Sushi Sushi on the basis of consumer market. Demographic Segmentation Geographic Segmentation Psychographic Segmentation Behavioural Segmentation The demographic segment divides the consumer market into groups on the basis of demographic variables such as age, gender, income, occupation, education and religion. The buyers can be divided into different geographic units such as state, cities, nations, region or neighbourhood. The Psychographic segmentation relates to products, buying behaviour mainly depends on lifestyle and personality characteristics. The buyers are divided on the basis of knowledge, attitude and response towards a product. Segmenting according to age is a great strategy for personalized marketing. For instance, Sushi Sushi targets teenagers, adults and seniors. Income: The market is also segmented on the basis of income. It affects purchasing power and eating habits of consumers. The geographic variables influence need of consumers such as climate, natural resources and territory. Sushi Sushi divides the market into regions because the geographic variables can cause need and want of consumers differ from one region to another. The company segments personality characteristics according to competitiveness, ambitions, aggressiveness, introvert, extrovert etc. The lifestyle of people provides broad view of consumers. So the lifestyle analysis is made on the basis of interest and taste of consumers. On the basis of behaviour market can be segmented on the basis of usage rate which is light, medium and heavy users. The buyers can also be segmented on the basis of their loyalty like hard core loyal, split loyal, shifting loyal and switchers. Appropriate new market segments to be used as potential target market Health conscious people Sushi Sushi targets health conscious people as it is one of the healthy meal options. Fast food lovers People who prefer to eat fast food can also be targeted as it can be new option for them to try. Target Market From the above two options Sushi Sushi can choose segment of health conscious people. As diet food is the new trend in Australia. The people who are diet conscious prefer to eat Sushi as it has a great source of carbohydrates and has negligible fat (Huang, et. al. 2017). It lowers the risk of heart disease, ensures healthy hormonal balance, increases red blood cell count and reduces risk of cancer. So, there is great scope of targeting health conscious people as they can prefer it in their daily meal. The consumer profile includes: Males and females of age 18-34. People who value fresh food. Active, on the go and health consciousness people. People who value packaged food. People who are obliged of value and ability to modify taste of meal. The consumer who value unique method to prepare product: Sushi is made available in different options. Differentiation and Positioning Strategy Product quality: The quality of product differentiates it from the competitors in market. Sushi is a Japanese dish. The products can be imported from Japan to provide better quality. The quality of product ensures more reliability and long term durability (Carey, Caraher, Lawrence Friel, 2016). Competitors: The competitors can be used to establish positioning. It can be made possible by contrasting Sushi Sushi product with competitors. The characteristics of products should be specified to position it better than others. Price: The price can be used to position brand. Sushi Sushi can decide the prices by evaluating the price of competitors. It should keep the prices which are sufficient enough to attract the target market. Promotion: The company can differentiate itself by sale and marketing channels such as inside sales, outside sales, catalogue, web, etc. These all channels can be used together in an integrated manner (Perry Lamb, 2016). Brand strategy: Great brand strategy enunciates differentiation of company against competitors. Sushi Sushi is an already established brand of Japan. So, it can easily differentiate itself from competitors in Australia by using unique value proposition. Now a days brand strategy is the most appropriate one as people are already known from brand. New value proposition The company can new value proposition by offering five products for $4. Such combos are attractive to customers. It is the best strategy to use in the new target market. Positioning statement Sushi Sushi can use its positioning statement double delicious to position itself better in the Australian market (Payne, Frow Eggert, 2017). Positioning map Reference List Carey, R., Caraher, M., Lawrence, M. and Friel, S., 2016. Opportunities and challenges in developing a whole-of-government national food and nutrition policy: lessons from Australias National Food Plan.Public health nutrition,19(1), pp.3-14. Hoel, S., Mehli, L., Bruheim, T., Vadstein, O. and Jakobsen, A.N., 2015. Assessment of microbiological quality of retail fresh sushi from selected sources in Norway.Journal of food protection,78(5), pp.977-982. Huang, H.W., Wu, S.J., Lu, J.K., Shyu, Y.T. and Wang, C.Y., 2017. Current status and future trends of high-pressure processing in food industry.Food Control,72, pp.1-8. Payne, A., Frow, P. and Eggert, A., 2017. The customer value proposition: evolution, development, and application in marketing.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,45(4), pp.467-489. Perry, L.B. and Lamb, S., 2016. Curricular differentiation and stratification in Australia.Orbis scholae,10(3), pp.27-47. Williams, G., 2017. Sustaining Australia's food and agribusiness sector.Food Australia,69(4), p.20.